Methods for electronic directionality of deep-brain stimulation

• US 8,849,408 B1
• Filed: 01/04/2013
• Issued: 09/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 01/04/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: University of Central Florida Research Foundation Inc. (State University System of Florida)
• Original Assignee: University of Central Florida Research Foundation Inc. (State University System of Florida)
• Inventors: Gilson, Richard, Razack, Nizam, Welch, Gregory F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wieland, Robert N
• Application Number:
  US13/734,555
• Time in Patent Office: 634 Days
• Field of Search: 607/45
• US Class Current: 607/45
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0534 Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36067 Movement disorders, e.g. tremor or Parkinson disease stimulating motor muscle A61N1/36003
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36082 Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36182 Direction of the electrical field, e.g. with sleeve around stimulating electrode

Abstract

Methods, systems and devices to provide correction parameters for implanted electrodes by applying a cathode pulse to a bilateral implanted electrode while providing a synchronized anode on the opposite electrode. The electrical field can be “shaped” over space and time to reach more of the targeted area by selecting various combinations of active contacts. The cathode lead directs the electrical field to the target and the placement and number of anode contacts activated determines the electric field path and rate of dissipation based on vertical and horizontal distance and timing. The correction parameter can be applied to anode and cathode contacts on a single implanted lead. Each lead can have plural anode and cathode contacts each independently controllable. Active anodes and cathodes are statically or dynamically selected to generate a shaped electric field to reach the target.

Claims

1. A deep brain stimulation system comprising:

an implanted electrode member having plural independently controllable cathode contacts and plural independently controllable anode contacts, the electrode member being selected from at least one of an implanted electrode lead or separately implanted plate or separately implanted contact;

at least one implantable pulse generator for controlling the implanted electrode member to independently generate an electric field from one or more electrode cathode contacts and draw a current from the generated electric field toward one or more electrode anode contacts through a targeted area; and

a connection between the implanted electrode member and the implantable pulse generator.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the implantable pulse generator comprises:

a processor for executing a set of instructions to activate and deactivate the implanted electrode plural cathode and anode contacts; and

a power source to supply power to the implantable pulse generator.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein the implanted electrode member comprises:

one single electrode lead having one or more anode contacts and one or more cathode contacts each separated from adjacent contacts by a neutral space, each one of the anode and cathode contacts independently controllable.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the cathode contacts and anode contacts are ring contacts.

5. The system of claim 3 wherein the cathode contacts and anode contacts are split ring contacts.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the implanted electrode member comprises:

bilateral electrode implants consisting of one single ipisilateral electrode lead and one contralateral electrode lead, the bilateral electrode implants connected with one dual channel implantable pulse generator.

7. The system of claim 6 wherein the cathode contacts and anode contacts are ring contacts.

8. The system of claim 6 wherein the cathode contacts and anode contacts are split ring contacts.

9. The system of claim 6, further comprising:

a cathode set of instructions for selecting and energizing one or more cathode contacts on one of the ipsilateral and contralateral electrode lead simultaneously; and

an anode set of instructions for selecting and energizing one or more anode contacts on an opposite one of the ipsilateral and contralateral electrode lead simultaneously.

10. The system of claim 6 further comprising:

a set of alternating instructions for;

alternating selection of the one or more cathodes on the ipsilateral electrode lead and contralateral electrode lead; and

alternating selection of the one or more anodes on an opposite one of the ipsilateral and contralateral electrode leads or separately implanted plate or contact.

11. An implantable deep brain stimulation pulse generator comprising:

a processor for executing a set of instructions to activate and deactivate one or more contacts on an implanted electrode lead connected with the implantable deep brain stimulation pulse generator, the set of instructions comprising;

selecting and activating one or more cathode contacts on the connected implanted electrode lead; and

selecting and deactivating one or more anode contacts on the connected implanted electrode lead simultaneously; and

a power source to supply power to the implantable pulse generator.

12. The implantable stimulation pulse generator of claim 11 wherein the set of instructions further comprise:

selecting one or more cathode contacts on one of an ipsilateral and a contralateral implanted electrode lead or separately implanted plate or contact; and

selecting one or more cathode contacts on an opposite one of the ipsilateral and the contralateral implanted electrode lead or separately implanted plate or contact.

13. The implantable stimulation pulse generator of claim 12 wherein the set of instructions further comprise:

alternating the selection of contacts on the ipsilateral lead and the contralateral electrode lead as the cathode contact; and

alternating the selection of contacts on the opposite one of the ipsilateral lead and the contralateral electrode lead or the separately implanted plate or the contact as the anode contact.

14. The implantable stimulation pulse generator of claim 11 wherein the set of instructions further comprise:

varying a frequency of an electrical pulse from the implanted electrode lead.

15. The implantable stimulation pulse generator of claim 11 wherein the set of instructions further comprise:

varying a voltage of an electrical pulse from the implanted electrode lead.

16. The implantable stimulation pulse generator of claim 11 wherein the set of instructions further comprise:

varying a pulse width of an electrical pulse from the implanted electrode lead.

17. A method for delivering a stimulation current to a targeted area of a brain with a deep brain stimulation pulse generator comprising the steps of:

executing a set of instructions by a controller connected with an implantable electrode lead, the set of instructions comprises the steps of;

selecting an electrode on an implanted electrode lead as a cathode and a different contact as an anode;

generating a pulsed electrical field from the cathode contact;

simultaneously drawing a current from the electric field toward the selected anode to stimulate the targeted area of the brain;

alternating the selection of the anode and the cathode for each next pulse; and

adjusting the electric field between the selected cathode contact and the selected anode contact.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the selecting step comprises the steps of:

selecting one or more cathode contacts on one of an ipsilateral and a contralateral implanted electrode lead or separately implanted plate or contact; and

selecting one or more cathode contacts on an opposite one of the ipsilateral and the contralateral implanted electrode lead or the separately implanted plate or the contact.

19. The method of claim 17 further comprising the steps of:

alternating the selection of contacts on the ipsilateral lead and the contralateral electrode lead as the cathode contact; and

alternating the selection of contacts on the opposite one of the ipsilateral lead and the contralateral electrode lead or the separately implanted plate or the contact as the anode contact.

20. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of:

varying a frequency of an electrical pulse from the implanted electrode lead.

21. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of:

varying a voltage of an electrical pulse from the implanted electrode lead.

22. The method of claim 17 further comprising the step of:

varying a pulse width of an electrical pulse from the implanted electrode lead.