Fan array control system

• US 8,849,463 B2
• Filed: 09/23/2010
• Issued: 09/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nortek Air Solutions LLC (Melrose Industries Plc)
• Original Assignee: Huntair Incorporated (Melrose Industries Plc)
• Inventors: Hopkins, Lawrence G., Motland, Brian James, Gassaway, Matthew Alan
• Primary Examiner(s): Shechtman, Sean
• Assistant Examiner(s): GARLAND, STEVEN R
• Application Number:
  US12/889,211
• Publication Number:
  US 20110014061A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,468 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 700/276
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 15/0066 by changing the speed, e.g. of the driving engine
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 15/0281 responsive to a condition not otherwise provided for
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 25/166 using fans
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 27/004 by varying driving speed
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 27/02 Surge control surge detection F04D27/001
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 27/0207 by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids influencing the boundary layer by an uncontrolled bleeding of the working fluid F04D29/681
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 29/14 operative only when pump is inoperative
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 29/601 specially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
• CPC Class Codes: F04D 29/663 Sound attenuation
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/30 for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/46 Improving electric energy efficiency or saving
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/62 characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/65 for selecting an operating mode
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/72 for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 11/77 by controlling the speed of ventilators
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/00 Control inputs relating to air properties
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/30 Velocity
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2110/40 Pressure, e.g. wind pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 2140/60 Energy consumption
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 3/0442 with volume control at a constant temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F24F 7/06 : with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/2614 : HVAC, heating, ventillation, climate control
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/24 : adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion thermal insulation H01M10/658
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0219 : where the power saving management affects multiple terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/0258 : controlling an operation mode according to history or models of usage information, e.g. activity schedule or time of day
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 88/02 : Terminal devices
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 30/70 : Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
• CPC Class Codes: Y02D 30/70 : in wireless communication networks
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A fan array fan section in an air-handling system includes a plurality of fan units arranged in a fan array and positioned within an air-handling compartment. One preferred embodiment may include an array controller programmed to operate the plurality of fan units at peak efficiency by computing the power consumed in various configurations and selecting the configuration requiring minimum power to operate.

Claims

1. A control system for an air handling system having a preselected number of fan units, said fan units arranged in a fan array, said array capable of operation with a number of operative fan units less than the preselected number of fan units, the control system comprising:

a controller calculating multiple combinations of candidate fan unit speeds and numbers of operative fan units configured to provide at least one of a common select static pressure or common select airflow;

wherein, after calculating the multiple combinations, the controller automatically selects one of the combinations of candidate fan unit speeds and number of operative fan units so as to permit the operative fan units to run at a desired level while providing the at least one of a common select static pressure or common select airflow.

2. The air handling system of claim 1 wherein the controller calculates the combinations by calculating a necessary fan unit speed to give a selected static pressure at a selected airflow for candidate numbers of operative fan units.

3. The air handling system of claim 2 wherein a calculated static pressure at the selected airflow is given by the equation

4. The air handling system of claim 3 wherein the values of coefficients C_n are calculated by a method comprising the steps of:

a. measuring an empirical static pressure as a function of an empirical airflow for a single fan unit;

b. fitting the resulting data with a polynomial of order m, where m is an integer;

c. setting the value of C_n equal to the coefficient of the nth-power term of the fitted polynomial for n running from zero to m; and

d. setting X equal to m.

5. The air handling system of claim 1 wherein the controller calculates the combinations by iteratively incrementing fan unit speed and the number of operative fan units.

6. The air handling system of claim 1 wherein the controller calculates the combinations through an interactive feedback control loop.

7. The air handling system of claim 1 wherein the controller calculates the combinations by calculating a power level required to operate the fan array at a selected static pressure, a selected airflow, and with different numbers of operative fan units, and then adjusting the number of operative fan units and a speed of the fan units to achieve a select power level.

8. The air handling system of claim 7 wherein the controller calculates the power level required using the equation

9. The air handling system of claim 8 wherein the values of coefficients C_n are calculated by a method comprising the steps of:

a. measuring the power level as a function of airflow for a single fan unit;

b. fitting the resulting data with a polynomial of order m, where m is an integer;

c. setting the value of C_n equal to the coefficient of the nth-power term of the fitted polynomial for n running from zero to m; and

d. setting X equal to m.

10. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller calculates combinations of candidate fan unit speeds and numbers of operative fan units that satisfy programmed environmental parameters.

11. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller selects one of the combinations to permit the operative fan units to operate in a desired efficiency range.

12. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to adjust a set of parameters of the fan units based on at least one of fan unit power usage and motor load.

13. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to:

a. calculate a power usage for a plurality of candidate RPM and fan unit combinations;

b. select one of the candidate RPM and fan unit combinations based on a corresponding power usage; and

c. adjust operating parameters of the fan units to correspond to the selected one of the candidate RPM and fan unit combinations.

14. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured vary at least one of air flow volume and static pressure, in a feedback control loop as environmental parameters for a building change.

15. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller achieves a desired level of efficiency of the fan array through an iterative process of calculating the combinations and selecting one of the combinations.

16. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller performs the automatic selection based on programmed environment parameters that include at least one of airflow volume, static pressure, humidity and temperature.

17. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein, for each combination, the controller calculates multiple sets of operative fan units where each set of operative fan units has a different associated fan unit speed, the controller selecting one combination such that first and second sets of operative fan units operate at the same time but with different corresponding first and second fan unit speeds.

18. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller automatically calculates a pattern for the operative fan units.

19. The air handling system of claim 1, wherein the controller selects a pattern from preprogrammed patterns or automatically calculates the pattern.

20. The control system of claim 1, further comprising:

a. a user input, for the controller, configured to permit a user to program the desired level; and

b. an output from the controller configured to be coupled to the fan array.

21. The control system of claim 1, further comprising a fan array of a preselected number of fan units.

22. The control system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to take the fan units on and off line when a building control system requires a low volume of air at relatively high pressure.

23. The control system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to modulate the fan units on and off line to produce a select operating point.

24. The control system of claim 23, wherein the select operating point represents a stable operating point.

25. The control system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to modulate the fan units on and off to eliminate surge effects, where the surge effect occurs when a system pressure is too high for the fan speed at a given volume and the fan units have a tendency to go into stall.

26. The control system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to take off line a number of the fan units and speed up on-line fan units, to avoid a surge effect, where the surge effect occurs when a system pressure is too high for the fan speed at a given volume and the fan units have a tendency to go into stall.

27. The control system of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to modulate the fan units on and off line and control the speed of the fan units that are on line to produce a stable operating point and avoid stall.

28. A method for controlling an array of fan units having a preselected number of fan units, said fan units arranged in a fan array, said array capable of operation with a number of operative fan units less than the preselected number of fan units the method comprising:

providing a controller calculating an operating level required to operate the array at a selected static pressure and a selected airflow for multiple different candidate numbers of operative fan units;

identifying, from the multiple candidate numbers, one of the candidate numbers of operative fan units that will achieve a desired operating level while providing the selected static pressure and selected airflow; and

turning fan units on or off until said identified one of the candidate numbers of operative fan units is reached.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein the controller calculates the operating level by calculating a power level required using the equation

30. The method of claim 29 wherein the values of coefficients C_n are calculated by a method comprising the steps of:

a. measuring the power level as a function of airflow for a single fan unit;

b. fitting the resulting data with a polynomial of order m, where m is an integer;

c. setting the value of C_n equal to the coefficient of the nth-power term of the fitted polynomial for n running from zero to m; and

d. setting X equal to m.

31. The method of claim 28, wherein the controller calculates the candidate numbers of operative fan units through an iterative feedback control loop.

32. The method of claim 28 further comprising the step of calculating a fan unit speed required to provide a selected volume of airflow at a selected static pressure for different numbers of operative fan units.

33. The method of claim 32 wherein the results of the fan unit speed calculation are used in calculating power level.

34. The method of claim 28 wherein the static pressure is given by the equation

35. The method of claim 34 wherein the values of coefficients C_n are calculated by a method comprising the steps of:

a. measuring an empirical static pressure as a function of an empirical airflow for a single fan unit;

b. fitting the resulting data with a polynomial of order m, where m is an integer;

c. setting the value of C_n equal to the coefficient of the nth-power term of the fitted polynomial for n running from zero to m; and

d. setting X equal to m.

36. The method of claim 28, wherein the controller calculates candidate numbers of operative fan unit units and fan unit speeds that satisfy programmed environmental parameters.

37. The method of claim 28 wherein the controller alters the number of operative fan units automatically.

38. The method of claim 28, further comprising configuring the controller to permit a user to program the desired operating level.

39. The method of claim 28, further comprising providing the array of the preselected number of fan units.

40. The method of claim 28, further comprising configuring the controller to take the fan units on and off line when a building control system requires a low volume of air at relatively high pressure.

41. The method of claim 28, further comprising modulating the fan units on and off line, at the direction of the controller, to produce a select operating point.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the select operating point represents a stable operating point.

43. The method of claim 28, further comprising configuring the controller to modulate the fan units on and off to eliminate surge effects, where the surge effect occurs when a system pressure is too high for the fan speed at a given volume and the fan units have a tendency to go into stall.

44. The method of claim 28, further comprising configuring the controller to take off line a number of the fan units and speed up on-line fan units, to avoid a surge effect, where the surge effect occurs when a system pressure is too high for the fan speed at a given volume and the fan units have a tendency to go into stall.

45. The method of claim 28, further comprising modulating the fan units on and off line and control the speed of the fan units that are on line to produce a stable operating point and avoid stall.

46. An air handling system comprising:

a. a preselected number of fan units;

b. said fan units arranged in a fan array, said array capable of operation with a number of operative fan units less than the preselected number of fan units;

c. a controller calculating an operating level required to operate the array at a selected static pressure and a selected airflow for each of multiple different candidate numbers of operative fan units, identifying from the multiple candidate numbers one of the candidate numbers of operative fan units that will achieve a desired operating level while providing the selected static pressure and selected airflow, and turning fan units on or off until said identified one of the candidate numbers of operative fan units is reached.

47. The air handling system of claim 46, wherein the controller operates in a feedback control loop to maintain the fan units operating at the desired operating level.

48. The air handling system of claim 46, wherein the controller calculates a necessary fan unit speed to give a selected static pressure at a selected airflow for candidate numbers of operative fan units.

49. The air handling system of claim 46, wherein the controller varies airflow and/or static pressure by varying a number of operative fan units as environmental parameters of a building change.

50. The air handling system of claim 49, wherein the environmental parameters for a building include at least one of airflow, humidity, temperature and static pressure.

51. A method for controlling an array of fan units, comprising the steps of:

a. providing a preselected number of fan units, said fan units arranged in a fan array, said array capable of operation with a number of operative fan units less than the preselected number of fan units;

b. automatically calculating, at a controller, multiple combinations of candidate fan unit speeds and numbers of operative fan units configured to provide at least one of a common select static pressure or common select airflow;

c. automatically selecting, at the controller, from the multiple combinations, one of the combinations of candidate fan unit speeds and number of operative fan units so as to permit the operative fan units to run at a desired level while providing the at least one of a common select static pressure or common select airflow.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein the controller calculates the combinations by calculating a necessary fan unit speed to give a selected static pressure at a selected airflow for candidate numbers of operative fan units.

53. The method of claim 51, wherein the controller calculates the combinations by calculating a power level required to operate the fan array at a selected static pressure, a selected airflow, and with different numbers of operative fan units, and then adjusting the number of operative fan units and a speed of the fan units to achieve a desired power level.

54. The method of claim 51, wherein the controller alters the number of operative fan units automatically.

55. The method of claim 51, wherein the calculating operation is through an iterative feedback loop.

56. The method of claim 51, wherein the calculating operation calculates the combinations through an iterative feedback control loop.

57. The method of claim 51, wherein the calculating operation calculates the combinations of candidate fan unit speeds and numbers of operative fan units that satisfy programmed environmental parameters.

58. The method of claim 51, wherein the selecting operation selects one of the combinations to permit the operative fan units to operate in a desired efficiency range.