In-situ battery diagnosis method using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• US 8,849,598 B2
• Filed: 09/22/2011
• Issued: 09/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 09/27/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: IFP Energies Nouvelles
• Original Assignee: IFP Energies Nouvelles
• Inventors: Bernard, Julien, Sauvant-Moynot, Valrie, Mingant, Remy
• Primary Examiner(s): Le, John H
• Application Number:
  US13/240,519
• Publication Number:
  US 20120078552A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,104 Days
• Field of Search: 702/30, 702/63, 702/64, 702/85, 702/181, 702/182, 320/132, 320/134, 324/426, 324/428, 324/430
• US Class Current: 702/63
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/367 Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/389 Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables

Abstract

A method of estimating the internal state of a first electrochemical system for power storage is disclosed. The SoC and the electrochemical impedance are determined for different internal states of a second electrochemical system of a same type as the first electrochemical system being studied. An electrochemical impedance model is then defined as a function of the SoC and of parameters. The electrochemical impedance Z of the system studied is determined and its SoC is estimated using the model applied to electrochemical impedance Z.

Claims

1. A method of estimating an internal state of at least a first electrochemical system for electrical power storage, wherein at least one property relative to the internal state of the first electrochemical system is estimated from electrochemical impedance measurements, comprising:

carrying out testing in a laboratory of differing internal states of at least a second electrochemical system of a same type as the first electrochemical system by measuring the at least one property relative to the internal state of the second system and measuring the electrochemical impedance of the second electrochemical system at least at one frequency;

defining an electrochemical impedance model in a computer programmed with software, which when executed, provides the electrochemical impedance model as a function of the at least one property and of parameters, and calibrating the parameters by an adjustment of the electrochemical impedance measurements obtained for the internal states;

determining an electrochemical impedance Z of the at least the first electrochemical system for at least one frequency, and

estimating the internal state of the at least the first electrochemical system by estimating the property relative to the internal state of the second electrochemical system using the model and the electrochemical impedance Z.

2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the property relative to the internal state of the second electrochemical system is estimated by:

i. selecting an initial value for the property;

ii. applying the model to the initial value for modelling an electrochemical impedance Zm of the first system for at least one frequency;

iii. adjusting the value so that the modelled electrochemical impedance Zm corresponds to the measured electrochemical impedance Z.

3. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the various internal states are obtained by accelerated aging of the second electrochemical system for electrical power storage of the same type as the first electrochemical system.

4. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the internal states are obtained by selecting a set of second electrochemical systems of a same type as the first electrochemical system with the systems of the set having different internal states.

5. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one of the properties relative to the internal state of the second electrochemical system is calculated as a state of charge (SoC) of the second system and a state of health (SoH) of the second system.

6. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrochemical impedance is determined for frequencies by measuring electrical impedance diagrams obtained by adding an electrical signal to a current running through the second electrochemical system.

7. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrochemical impedance model is constructed by:

i. selecting a representative impedance diagram curve shape obtained from an electrochemical system of a same type as the first electrochemical system; and

ii. defining the model by a formula allowing reproduction of the curve shape.

8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein a model of the type as follows is used:

9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the various internal states are obtained by accelerated aging of the second electrochemical system for electrical power storage of the same type as the first electrochemical system.

10. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein at least one of the properties relative to the internal state of the second electrochemical system is calculated as a state of charge (SoC) of the second system and a state of health (SoH) of the second system.

11. A method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the electrochemical impedance is determined for frequencies by measuring electrical impedance diagrams obtained by adding an electrical signal to a current running through the second electrochemical system.

12. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the electrochemical impedance is determined for frequencies by measuring electrical impedance diagrams obtained by adding an electrical signal to a current running through the second electrochemical system.

13. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein a model of the type as follows is used:

14. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein at least one of the properties relative to the internal state of the second electrochemical system is calculated as a state of charge (SoC) of the second system and a state of health (SoH) of the second system.

15. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the various internal states are obtained by accelerated aging of the second electrochemical system for electrical power storage of the same type as the first electrochemical system.

16. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the internal states are obtained by selecting a set of second electrochemical systems of a same type as the first electrochemical system with the systems of the set having different internal states.

17. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein at least one of the properties relative to the internal state of the second electrochemical system is calculated as a state of charge (SoC) of the second system and a state of health (SoH) of the second system.

18. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the electrochemical impedance is determined for frequencies by measuring electrical impedance diagrams obtained by adding an electrical signal to a current running through the second electrochemical system.

19. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrochemical impedance model is constructed by:

i. selecting a representative impedance diagram curve shape obtained from an electrochemical system of a same type as the first electrochemical system; and

ii. defining the model by a formula allowing reproduction of the curve shape.

20. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the various internal states are obtained by accelerated aging of the second electrochemical system for electrical power storage of the same type as the first electrochemical system.

21. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the internal states are obtained by selecting a set of second electrochemical systems of a same type as the first electrochemical system with the systems of the set having different internal states.

22. A method as claimed in claim 21, wherein the electrochemical impedance is determined for frequencies by measuring electrical impedance diagrams obtained by adding an electrical signal to a current running through the second electrochemical system.

23. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the various internal states are obtained by accelerated aging of the second electrochemical system for electrical power storage of the same type as the first electrochemical system.

24. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the internal states are obtained by selecting a set of second electrochemical systems of a same type as the first electrochemical system with the systems of the set having different internal states.

25. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the properties relative to the internal state of the second electrochemical system is calculated as a state of charge (SoC) of the second system and a state of health (SoH) of the second system.

26. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrochemical impedance is determined for frequencies by measuring electrical impedance diagrams obtained by adding an electrical signal to a current running through the second electrochemical system.

27. A method as claimed in claim 26, wherein the electrical impedance diagrams are measured by applying a sinusoidal current perturbation to the second electrochemical system and by measuring an induced sinusoidal voltage at the terminals of the second electrochemical system.

28. A method as claimed in claim 26, wherein the electrical impedance diagrams are measured by applying a current perturbation including superposition of sinusoids or of a white noise, to the second electrochemical system, and by measuring an induced sinusoidal voltage at the terminals of the electrochemical system.

29. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrochemical impedance is determined for frequencies by measuring electric impedance diagrams obtained using a non-invasive method comprising processing a voltage signal and a current signal as a function of time.

30. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said electrochemical system is at rest or in operation.

31. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrochemical system is a battery or an element of a pack.

32. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a failure of at least one element of a battery pack is detected by determining the state of function of at least one element of the pack.

33. A system for estimating an internal state of a first electrochemical system for electrical power storage, comprising:

at least one detector for measuring or estimating the electrochemical impedance of the first electrochemical system;

a memory for storing software, which when executed by a computer, provides an electrochemical impedance model as a function of at least one property and parameters, the model being first calibrated by measurements in a laboratory of differing internal states of at least a second electrochemical system of a same type as the first electrochemical system; and

means for calculating the property relative to the internal state of the electrochemical system using the model.

34. A system in accordance with claim 33 for comprising a smart battery management or a charge/discharge system.