System and method of extracting clauses for spoken language understanding

• US 8,849,648 B1
• Filed: 12/24/2002
• Issued: 09/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 12/24/2002
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nuance Communications, Inc. (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: AT&T Intellectual Property I LP (AT&T, Inc.)
• Inventors: Rahim, Mazin G., Bangalore, Srinivas, Gupta, Narendra K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Spooner, Lamont
• Application Number:
  US10/329,138
• Time in Patent Office: 4,298 Days
• Field of Search: 704/9, 704/231, 704/251
• US Class Current: 704/9
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/117 Tagging; Marking up details of markup languages G06F40/143; Designating a block; Setting of attributes style sheets, e.g. eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformation [XSLT], G06F40/154
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/20 Natural language analysis semantic analysis of natural language G06F40/30
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/205 Parsing
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 40/289 Phrasal analysis, e.g. finite state techniques or chunking
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 15/05 Word boundary detection
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 15/26 Speech to text systems G10L15/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2015/025 Phonemes, fenemes or fenones being the recognition units
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2015/081 Search algorithms, e.g. Baum-Welch or Viterbi
• CPC Class Codes: G10L 2015/088 Word spotting

Abstract

A clausifier and method of extracting clauses for spoken language understanding are disclosed. The method relates to generating a set of clauses from speech utterance text and comprises inserting at least one boundary tag in speech utterance text related to sentence boundaries, inserting at least one edit tag indicating a portion of the speech utterance text to remove, and inserting at least one conjunction tag within the speech utterance text. The result is a set of clauses that may be identified within the speech utterance text according to the inserted at least one boundary tag, at least one edit tag and at least one conjunction tag. The disclosed clausifier comprises a sentence boundary classifier, an edit detector classifier, and a conjunction detector classifier. The clausifier may comprise a single classifier or a plurality of classifiers to perform the steps of identifying sentence boundaries, editing text, and identifying conjunctions within the text.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

a processor; and

a computer-readable medium having instructions stored which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising;

inserting, via a discriminative classification approach independent of an n-gram approach, boundary tags, word by word, into speech utterance text, the boundary tags identifying boundaries selected from a group consisting of phrase boundaries, sentence boundaries, and paragraph boundaries, wherein the discriminative classification approach utilizes syntactic features before and after each word being tagged, to yield boundary marked speech utterance text;

thereafter, inserting, via the discriminative classification approach, edit tags in the boundary marked speech utterance text to identify at least one word of a set of duplicated words, to yield edited text and unedited text, wherein each edit tag comprises edit span information indicating how many words to the left of each edit tag to edit;

thereafter, identifying coordinating conjunctions within the unedited text based on a conjunction tag, to yield identified coordinating conjunctions, wherein the conjunction tag comprises conjunction span information indicating how many words to the left of the conjunction tag a corresponding conjunction includes; and

identifying clauses in the speech utterance text based on the boundary marked speech utterance text, the edited text, and the identified coordinating conjunctions.

2. The system of claim 1, the computer-readable medium having additional instructions stored which result in the operations further comprising inserting editing tags into the speech utterance text.

3. The system of claim 2, the computer-readable medium having additional instructions stored which result in the operations further comprising inserting conjunction tags into the speech utterance text.

4. A method comprising:

inserting, via a discriminative classification approach independent of an n-gram approach, boundary tags, word by word, into speech utterance text, the boundary tags identifying boundaries selected from a group consisting of phrase boundaries, sentence boundaries, and paragraph boundaries, wherein the discriminative classification approach utilizes syntactic features before and after each word being tagged, to yield boundary marked speech utterance text;

thereafter, inserting, via a processor and via the discriminative classification approach, edit tags in the boundary marked speech utterance text to identify at least one word of a set of duplicated words, to yield edited text and unedited text, wherein each edit tag comprises edit span information indicating how many words to the left of each edit tag to edit;

thereafter, identifying coordinating conjunctions within the unedited text based on a conjunction tag, to yield identified coordinating conjunctions, wherein the conjunction tag comprises conjunction span information indicating how many words to the left of the conjunction tag a corresponding conjunction includes; and

identifying clauses in the speech utterance text based on the boundary marked speech utterance text, the edited text, and the identified coordinating conjunctions.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the edit tags indicate a portion of the boundary marked speech utterance text to remove.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising inserting the conjunction tag within the edited text.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein a different classifier performs each step of the method.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein a single classifier performs all the steps of the method.

9. The method of claim 4, wherein a plurality of classifiers perform all the steps of the method.

10. A computer-readable storage device having instructions stored which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:

inserting, via a discriminative classification approach independent of an n-gram approach, boundary tags, word by word, into speech utterance text, the boundary tags identifying boundaries selected from a group consisting of phrase boundaries, sentence boundaries, and paragraph boundaries, wherein the discriminative classification approach utilizes syntactic features before and after each word being tagged, to yield boundary marked speech utterance text;

thereafter, inserting, via the discriminative classification approach, edit tags in the boundary marked speech utterance text to identify at least one word of a set of duplicated words, to yield edited text and unedited text, wherein each edit tag comprises edit span information indicating how many words to the left of each edit tag to edit;

thereafter, identifying coordinating conjunctions within the unedited text based on a conjunction tag, to yield identified coordinating conjunctions, wherein the conjunction tag comprises conjunction span information indicating how many words to the left of the conjunction tag a corresponding conjunction includes; and

identifying clauses in the speech utterance text based on the boundary marked speech utterance text, the edited text, and the identified coordinating conjunctions.

11. The computer-readable storage device of claim 10, wherein the edit tags indicate a portion of the boundary marked speech utterance text to remove.

12. The computer-readable storage device of claim 11, the computer-readable storage device having additional instructions stored which result in the operations further comprising inserting a conjunction tag within the speech utterance text.