Control apparatus and control method for electric storage apparatus

• US 8,854,010 B2
• Filed: 01/27/2011
• Issued: 10/07/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 01/27/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Nishide, Yukimasa, Obata, Hiroyuki, Otagiri, Toshio
• Primary Examiner(s): Dunn, Drew A
• Assistant Examiner(s): Chung, Steve T
• Application Number:
  US13/882,586
• Publication Number:
  US 20130293200A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,349 Days
• US Class Current: 320/136
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/36 Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/484 for measuring electrolyte level, electrolyte density or electrolyte conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 50/569 Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals battery terminal connectors with integrated measuring arrangements G01R31/364
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00306 Overdischarge protection
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0047 with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/14 for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A control apparatus controlling discharge of a secondary battery such that a discharge power of the secondary battery does not exceed an upper limit value has a current sensor and a controller. The current sensor detects a current value during charge and discharge of the secondary battery. The controller calculates an evaluation value for determining a first deterioration component depending on nonuniformity of an ion concentration in an electrolyte of the secondary battery by using the detection result of the current sensor, and reduces the upper limit value when the integral value of the evaluation values exceeding a target value exceeds a threshold value. The controller estimates a second deterioration component depending on the material of the secondary battery and changes the threshold value such that deterioration due to the first deterioration component is permitted in association with the second deterioration component.

Claims

1. A control apparatus configured to control discharge of a secondary battery such that a discharge power of the secondary battery does not exceed an upper limit value, comprising:

a current sensor detecting a current value during charge and discharge of the secondary battery; and

a controller calculating an evaluation value from a discharge state detected by using the current sensor, and reducing the upper limit value when an integral value of the evaluation value exceeds a threshold value, the integral value being calculated by performing integration of at least a part of the evaluation value that exceeds a target value, the evaluation value for evaluating a first deterioration component reducing output performance of the secondary battery with nonuniformity of an ion concentration in an electrolyte due to discharge of the secondary battery,

wherein the controller estimates a second deterioration component representing deterioration of a negative electrode material and/or a positive electrode material of the secondary battery, and changes the threshold value such that an increase in the integral value until the integral value reaches the threshold value is reduced as the second deterioration component is increased, and the increase in the integral value until the integral value reaches the threshold value is increased as the second deterioration component is reduced.

2. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller calculates the integral value such that, when the evaluation value on a positive side exceeds the target value on a positive side, the controller adds a part of the evaluation value on the positive side that exceeds the target value on the positive side, and

when the evaluation value on a negative side exceeds the target value on a negative side, the controller subtracts a part of the evaluation value on the negative side that exceeds the target value on the negative side.

3. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller estimates the second deterioration component by using a temperature and a current conduction amount of the secondary battery.

4. The control apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the secondary battery includes a temperature of the secondary battery when charge/discharge is performed and a temperature of the secondary battery when charge/discharge is not performed.

5. The control apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a memory configured to store a map for determining the threshold value in association with the second deterioration component,

wherein the controller determines the threshold value by using one of a plurality of the maps stored in the memory, the one being associated with the estimated second deterioration component.

6. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller increases the evaluation value in accordance with an increase in the nonuniformity of the ion concentration and reduces the evaluation value in accordance with a reduction in the nonuniformity of the ion concentration.

7. The control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery outputs an energy for use in running of a vehicle.

8. A control method for controlling discharge of a secondary battery such that a discharge power of the secondary battery does not exceed an upper limit value, comprising the steps of:

detecting a current value during charge and discharge of the secondary battery by using a current sensor;

calculating an evaluation value from a discharge state detected by using the current sensor, the evaluation value for evaluating a first deterioration component reducing output performance of the secondary battery with nonuniformity of an ion concentration in an electrolyte due to discharge of the secondary battery;

determining whether or not the evaluation value exceeds a target value and reducing the upper limit value when an integral value of the evaluation value exceeds a threshold value, the integral value being calculated by performing integration of at least a part of the evaluation value that exceeds a target value,

estimating a second deterioration component representing deterioration of a negative electrode material and/or a positive electrode material of the secondary battery;

changing the threshold value such that an increase in the integral value until the integral value reaches the threshold value is reduced as the second deterioration component is increased, and the increase in the integral value until the integral value reaches the threshold value is increased as the second deterioration component is reduced.

9. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the integral value is calculated such that, when the evaluation value on a positive side exceeds the target value on a positive side, a part of the evaluation value on the positive side that exceeds the target value on the positive side is added, and when the evaluation value on a negative side exceeds the target value on a negative side, a part of the evaluation value on the negative side that exceeds the target value on the negative side is subtracted.

10. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the second deterioration component is estimated by using a temperature and a current conduction amount of the secondary battery.

11. The control method according to claim 10, wherein the temperature of the secondary battery includes a temperature of the secondary battery when charge/discharge is performed and a temperature of the secondary battery when charge/discharge is not performed.

12. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the threshold value is determined by using one of a plurality of maps used for determining the threshold value and associated with the second deterioration component, the one being associated with the estimated second deterioration component.

13. The control method according to claim 8, wherein the evaluation value is increased in accordance with an increase in the nonuniformity of the ion concentration and is reduced in accordance with a reduction in the nonuniformity of the ion concentration.