Immobilized enzymes in biocathodes
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A biocathode comprising:
- (a) an electron conductor;
(b) an electron mediator;
(c) at least one enzyme capable of reacting with a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidant to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and water; and
(d) an electron conducting enzyme immobilization material comprising an electrocatalyst, the enzyme immobilization material immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the oxidant, an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor to produce a reduced form of the electrocatalyst that is capable of reacting with an oxidized form of the electron mediator to produce a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst;
wherein the enzyme is entrapped within pores of the enzyme immobilization material and the enzyme immobilization material comprises an ion exchange polymer comprising a hydrophobic cation.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
Disclosed is an improved biofuel cell having a cathode comprising a dual function membrane, which contains an oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme immobilized within a buffered compartment of the membrane and an electron transport mediator which transfers electrons from an electron conducting electrode to the redox reaction catalyzed by the oxygen oxidoreductase enzyme. The improved biofuel cell also has an anode that contains an oxidoreductase enzyme that uses an organic fuel, such as alcohol, as a substrate. An electric current can flow between the anode and the cathode.
-
Citations
64 Claims
-
1. A biocathode comprising:
-
(a) an electron conductor; (b) an electron mediator; (c) at least one enzyme capable of reacting with a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidant to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and water; and (d) an electron conducting enzyme immobilization material comprising an electrocatalyst, the enzyme immobilization material immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the oxidant, an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor to produce a reduced form of the electrocatalyst that is capable of reacting with an oxidized form of the electron mediator to produce a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst; wherein the enzyme is entrapped within pores of the enzyme immobilization material and the enzyme immobilization material comprises an ion exchange polymer comprising a hydrophobic cation. - View Dependent Claims (5, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64)
-
-
2. A biocathode comprising:
-
(a) an electron conductor; (b) an electron mediator; (c) at least one enzyme capable of reacting with a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidant to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and water; and (d) an electron conducting enzyme immobilization material comprising the electron mediator, the enzyme immobilization material immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the oxidant, an oxidized form of the electron mediator being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor to produce a reduced form of the electron mediator; wherein the enzyme is entrapped within pores of the enzyme immobilization material and the enzyme immobilization material comprises an ion exchange polymer comprising a hydrophobic cation. - View Dependent Claims (6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48)
-
-
3. A biocathode comprising:
-
(a) an electron conductor; (b) an electron mediator; (c) at least one enzyme capable of reacting with a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidant to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and water; and (d) an electron conducting enzyme immobilization material comprising the electron mediator and an electrocatalyst, the enzyme immobilization material immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the oxidant, an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor to produce a reduced form of the electrocatalyst that is capable of reacting with an oxidized form of the electron mediator to produce a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst; wherein the enzyme is entrapped within pores of the enzyme immobilization material and the enzyme immobilization material comprises an ion exchange polymer comprising a hydrophobic cation. - View Dependent Claims (7)
-
-
4. A biocathode comprising:
-
(a) an electron conductor; (b) an electron mediator; (c) at least one enzyme capable of reacting with a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidant to produce an oxidized form of the electron mediator and water; and (d) an electron conducting enzyme immobilization material comprising the electron mediator, the enzyme immobilization material immobilizing and stabilizing the enzyme, the material being permeable to the oxidant, an oxidized form of an electrocatalyst being capable of gaining electrons from the electron conductor to produce a reduced form of the electrocatalyst that is capable of reacting with an oxidized form of the electron mediator to produce a reduced form of the electron mediator and an oxidized form of the electrocatalyst; wherein the enzyme is entrapped within pores of the enzyme immobilization material and the enzyme immobilization material comprises an ion exchange polymer comprising a hydrophobic cation. - View Dependent Claims (8)
-
Specification