System using multi-layer wire structure for high efficiency wireless communication

• US 8,860,545 B2
• Filed: 09/15/2011
• Issued: 10/14/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 03/09/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Nucurrent, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nucurrent, Inc.
• Inventors: Singh, Vinit, Frysz, Christine A.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, TUYEN T
• Application Number:
  US13/233,663
• Publication Number:
  US 20130069750A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,125 Days
• Field of Search: 336/65, 336/83, 336/200, 336/232, 336/192
• US Class Current: 336/200
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0553 Paddle shaped electrodes, e.g. for laminotomy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3605 Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37229 Shape or location of the implanted or external antenna
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3756 Casings with electrodes thereon, e.g. leadless stimulators
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source
• CPC Class Codes: B33Y 80/00 Products made by additive manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 17/00 Fixed inductances of the signal type coils in general H01F5/00; inductors without a potential-jump or surface barrier specially adapted for integrated circuits, details thereof and multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L28/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 17/0006 Printed inductances printed coils for dynamo-electric machines H02K3/26; printed circuits H05K
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 17/0013 with stacked layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 2027/2809 on stacked layers
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 27/2804 Printed windings
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 29/02 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 38/14 Inductive couplings for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling H02J50/10
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 41/00 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 41/04 for manufacturing coils coils for transformer or inductances H01F27/28
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 41/041 Printed circuit coils apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in general H05K3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 5/00 Coils superconducting coils H01F6/06; fixed inductances of the signal type H01F17/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 5/003 Printed circuit coils
• CPC Class Codes: H01F 7/06 Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets electric coils H01F5/00; devices for holding workpieces using electric force B23Q3/15; load-engaging elements for lifting articles electromagnetically B66C1/06; electromagnetic couplings F16D27/00; magnetic brakes F16D63/002; electromagnetically operated valves F16K11/24, F16K31/00; analysing materials by magnetic means G01N27/72, G01N27/80; electromagnets for winding mechanical clocks G04C1/02; electromagnetic relays H01H51/00; windings for salient poles of dynamo-electric machines H02K3/18; electromagnets for telegraphic communication H04L; for arc lamps H05B31/28
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 7/00 : Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop
• CPC Class Codes: H01R 43/00 : Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors of trolley lines B60M1/28
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/23 : The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/005 : Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/12 : of the resonant type
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 13/00 : Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output regulation systems using transformers, reactors or choke coils G05F; transformers H01F; feeding a network in conjunction with a generator or a converter H02J; control or regulation of converters H02M
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 7/01 : Frequency selective two-port networks
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/24 : Inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/45 : Transponders
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/72 : for local intradevice communication
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/77 : for interrogation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 5/79 : for data transfer in combination with power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 6/06 : Control, e.g. of temperature, of power
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 6/1245 : with special coil arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 6/36 : Coil arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H05B 6/362 : with flat coil conductors
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 1/165 : incorporating printed inductors
• CPC Class Codes: H05K 2201/0352 : Differences between the conductors of different layers of a multilayer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 40/00 : Technologies aiming at improving the efficiency of home appliances, e.g. induction cooking or efficient technologies for refrigerators, freezers or dish washers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49005 : Acoustic transducer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/4902 : Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/4908 : Acoustic transducer
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49117 : Conductor or circuit manufacturing
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49155 : Manufacturing circuit on or in base
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49195 : with end-to-end orienting

Abstract

A structure for wireless communication having a plurality of conductor layers, an insulator layer separating each of the conductor layers, and at least one connector connecting two of the conductor layers wherein an electrical resistance is reduced when an electrical signal is induced in the resonator at a predetermined frequency.

Claims

1. A system of wire structures, the system comprising:

a) a first wire structure comprising;

i) a plurality of first conductors, each first conductor having a first conductor length, a first conductor height, a first conductor depth, and a first skin depth;

ii) a first plurality of insulators, each insulator positioned between each of the plurality of first conductors; and

iii) wherein the plurality of first conductors and first insulators are arranged to form the first wire structure having a first wire structure length, a first wire structure width and a first wire structure depth;

b) a second wire structure comprising;

i) a plurality of second conductors, each second conductor having a second conductor length, a second conductor height, a second conductor depth, and a second skin depth;

ii) a second plurality of insulators, each insulator positioned between each of the plurality of second conductors; and

iii) wherein the plurality of second conductors and second insulators are arranged to form the second wire structure having a second wire structure length, a second wire structure width and a second wire structure depth; and

c) wherein a first electrical signal is propagatable through the first wire structure and the first skin depth, and a second electrical signal is inducible through the second wire structure, the second electrical signal being propagatable through the second skin depth.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of first conductors comprises a first conductor layer and a second conductor layer separated by an insulator layer wherein the first conductor layer is connected to the second conductor layer by at least one connector.

3. The system of claim 2 wherein at least one of the conductor layers comprises at least one of a conductive tape, a conductive ribbon, and a deposited metal.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein the first conductor has a first cross-sectional shape and the second conductor has a second cross-sectional shape, the first cross-sectional shape and second cross-sectional shapes comprising at least one of a circular cross-section, a rectangular cross-section, a square cross-section, a triangular cross-section, and an elliptical cross-section.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal comprises at least one of an energy signal, a power signal, and a data signal.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal comprises at least one of an electrical current, an electrical voltage, and a digital data signal.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal are substantially the same.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the first skin depth ranges from about one-half to about equal of the first conductor depth and the second skin depth ranges from about one-half to about equal of the second conductor depth.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein the first conductor depth ranges from about the first skin depth to about twice the first skin depth and the second conductor depth ranges from about the second skin depth to twice the second skin depth.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein the first conductor depth is greater than about twice the first skin depth and the second conductor depth is greater than about twice the second skin depth.

11. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality of first conductors and second conductors has at least one turn.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein each of the plurality of first conductors and second conductors have substantially the same conductor length, conductor height, or conductor depth.

13. The system of claim 1 wherein the first wire structure forms a first resonator that has a first structural shape and the second wire structure forms a second resonator that has a second structural shape, the first and the second structural shapes comprising at least one of a circular solenoidal configuration, a square solenoidal configuration, a circular spiral configuration, a square spiral configuration, a rectangular configuration, a triangular configuration, a circular spiral-solenoidal configuration, a square spiral-solenoidal configuration, and a conformal solenoid configuration.

14. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first and the second conductors are formed from an electrically conductive material.

15. The system of claim 14 wherein the electrically conductive material is selected from the group consisting of copper, titanium, platinum and platinum/iridium alloys, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, nitinol, Co—

Cr—

Ni alloys, stainless steel, gold, a gold alloy, palladium, carbon, silver, a noble metal, a biocompatible material, and combinations thereof.

16. The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one insulator is formed from an electrically insulative material.

17. The system of claim 16 wherein the electrically insulative material is selected from the group consisting of air, polystyrene, silicon dioxide, a biocompatible ceramic or any similar dielectric with a low permittivity, a non-conductive dielectric with a high permittivity, a ferrite material, and combinations thereof.

18. The system of claim 1 wherein the first electrical signal is propagatable through the first wire structure at a first frequency selected from a frequency range from about 100 kHz to about 3 MHz and the second electrical signal is propagatable through the second wire structure at a second frequency selected from a frequency range from about 100 kHz to about 3 MHz.

19. The system of claim 1 wherein the first electrical signal is propagatable through the first wire structure at a first frequency selected from a frequency range from about 3 MHz to about 10 GHz and the second electrical signal is propagatable through the second wire structure at a second frequency selected from a frequency range from about 3 MHz to about 10 GHz.

20. The system of claim 18 wherein the first frequency is in a frequency band selected from a first frequency range from about 100 kHz to about 3 MHz and the second frequency is in a second frequency band selected from a second frequency range from about 100 kHz to about 3 MHz.

21. The system of claim 19 wherein the first frequency is in a frequency band selected from a first frequency range from about 3 MHz to about 10 GHz and the second frequency is in a second frequency band selected from a second frequency range from about 3 MHz to about 10 GHz.

22. The system of claim 1 having a quality factor greater than 100.

23. The system of claim 1 further comprising a circuit element selected from the group consisting of a resistor, an inductor a capacitor, and combinations thereof.

24. The system of claim 1 further incorporatable within a device comprising at least one of a resonator, an antenna, an RFID tag, an RFID transponder, and a medical device.