Solar steam generator

• US 8,863,517 B2
• Filed: 11/30/2011
• Issued: 10/21/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: King SAUD University
• Original Assignee: King SAUD University
• Inventors: Ba-abbad, Mazen A., Al-Ansary, Hany A., Al-Ammar, Essam A.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, HOANG M
• Application Number:
  US13/306,984
• Publication Number:
  US 20130133323A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,056 Days
• Field of Search: 606418-64115, 203/10, 122/367.1, 122/4.R, 126/684, 126/694
• US Class Current: 60/641.15
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 1/0035 Solar energy for treatment of water C02F1/14
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 1/223 containing a rotor
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 5/006 with evaporation or distillation
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/14 using solar energy
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/68 by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water medicinal water A61K
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2103/08 Seawater, e.g. for desalination
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2303/22 Eliminating or preventing deposits, scale removal, scale prevention C02F1/042, C02F1/4602, C02F5/00 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: F03G 6/065 having a Rankine cycle
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 20/20 Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
• CPC Class Codes: F24S 23/71 with parabolic reflective surfaces with cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces F24S23/74
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 20/212 Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/40 Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/46 Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/10 Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

Systems and methods for solar steam generation are described. The systems and methods include disposing a plug in a closed top outer shell of a solar steam generator, which may define a small annular space between the plug and an interior of a transparent housing disposed atop the outer shell. Raw water is transferred into the outer shell of the solar steam generator, up into the small annular space between the plug and the interior of the transparent housing. Concentrated solar energy is directed at the transparent housing to boil raw water in the small annular space. Stray concentrated solar energy may be focused at the transparent housing to aid in boiling raw water in the small annular space. Steam rising from the small annular space is directed through a cavity extending from a top of the plug, downward through a steam outlet pipe, out of the solar steam generator.

Claims

1. A solar steam generator comprising:

a closed top transparent outer tubular shell;

a transparent housing disposed atop the outer tubular shell, receiving concentrated solar energy to boil raw water therein;

a secondary solar energy-focusing minor, focusing stray concentrated solar energy on the transparent housing;

a plug disposed in the transparent outer tubular shell defining a small clearance between the cylindrical upper portion of the plug and the transparent outer tubular shell and wherein said plug has a steam receptive conical cavity at its top and extending downward from the top of the plug such that steam rising from boiling water between the plug and the transparent outer tubular shell is directed down and into a steam pipe that exits the solar steam generator;

a raw water inlet in fluid flow communication with an interior of the outer tubular shell; and

a steam outlet pipe extending from the cavity, out of the solar steam generator.

2. The solar steam generator of claim 1, further comprising a small annular raw water boiling space defined between the plug and the transparent housing.

3. The solar steam generator of claim 1 wherein the secondary solar energy-focusing minor is parabolic.

4. The solar steam generator of claim 1, further comprising a precipitate solids outlet defined in a bottom of the solar steam generator.

5. The solar steam generator of claim 1, further comprising a base supporting the outer tubular shell, the base comprising the raw water inlet and a precipitate collection reservoir defining a precipitate solids outlet defined in a bottom of the precipitate collection reservoir.

6. The solar steam generator of claim 1 wherein the outer tubular shell and transparent housing are cylindrical.

7. A method for a solar steam generator comprising:

providing a plug having a steam receptive conical cavity at its top and extending downwardly from the top of the plug;

disposing the plug in a closed top outer shell of a solar steam generator, defining a small annular space along the length of the plug and an interior of a transparent housing disposed atop the outer shell;

transferring raw water into the outer shell of the solar steam generator, up into the small annular space between the plug and the interior of the transparent housing;

directing concentrated solar energy at the transparent housing to boil raw water in the small annular space;

focusing stray concentrated solar energy at the transparent housing to aid in boiling raw water in the small annular space;

directing steam rising from the small annular space, through the steam receptive conical cavity extending from the top of the plug, downward through a steam outlet pipe, out of the solar steam generator; and

further comprising mixing the raw water with an anti-scalant and a dye, the anti-scalant preventing crystallization of salts in the raw water and the dye promoting absorption of solar energy.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the focusing of stray concentrated solar energy at the transparent housing is provided by a parabolic reflector reflecting and focusing the stray concentrated solar energy on the transparent housing.

9. The method of claim 7, further comprising rotating the plug, removing any attached salts or solids.

10. The method of claim 7, further comprising cooling the steam outside the solar steam generator, condensing the steam into distilled water.

11. The method of claim 7, further comprising precipitating salts from the raw water at a bottom of the solar steam generator and separating the precipitated salts from the liquid mix.