Method for removing contaminants from exhaust gases

• US 8,865,098 B2
• Filed: 10/15/2013
• Issued: 10/21/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/15/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cannon Technology, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Cannon Technology, Inc.
• Inventors: Suchak, Naresh J.
• Primary Examiner(s): VANOY, TIMOTHY C
• Application Number:
  US13/998,248
• Publication Number:
  US 20140127107A1
• Time in Patent Office: 371 Days
• Field of Search: 423/210, 423/235, 422/170
• US Class Current: 423/210
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2251/104 Ozone
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/40 Nitrogen compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/404 Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/602 Mercury or mercury compounds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2258/0283 Flue gases
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/10 Gas phase, e.g. by using aerosols
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/122 Gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/50 Sulfur oxides B01D53/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/56 Nitrogen oxides B01D53/60 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/60 Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/64 Heavy metals or compounds thereof, e.g. mercury
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/73 After-treatment of removed components
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/75 Multi-step processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/76 Gas phase processes, e.g. by using aerosols
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/78 with gas-liquid contact
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/83 with moving reactants
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/18 characterised by methods of operation; Control
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 15/02 of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material traps for solid residues F23J3/04
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 15/04 using washing fluids scrubbers for removing solids only F23J15/022
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/20 : Non-catalytic reduction devices
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/40 : Sorption with wet devices, e.g. scrubbers
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/50 : Sorption with semi-dry devices, e.g. with slurries
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2219/60 : Sorption with dry devices, e.g. beds
• CPC Class Codes: F23J 2900/15003 : Supplying fumes with ozone
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/20 : Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/32 : Direct CO2 mitigation

Abstract

In a method for removing a portion of contaminants, such as nitrogen oxides, from an exhaust gas stream of a combustion process, the exhaust gas stream is separated into two or more gas streams. At least one of the two or more gas streams is treated first by mixing with ozone. The treated gas stream is then fed to a scrubber where it is recombined with the untreated gas stream. Excess ozone present in the treated gas stream is consumed by oxidation of contaminants in the untreated gas stream before the combined gas stream is released to the atmosphere. The portion of the gas stream separated for mixing with ozone directly correlates to the amount of nitrogen oxides that are desired to be removed from the stream.

Claims

1. A method for the partial removal of contaminants from a process gas stream comprising the steps of:

separating a process gas stream into at least two process gas streams,

feeding ozone into contact with at least one of the separated process gas streams to oxidize the contaminants in the gas stream, and

feeding at least one of the process gas streams contacted by ozone to a scrubber for removal of the oxidized contaminants from the gas streams.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

partitioning the scrubber into at least two chambers for receiving the process gas streams,

conveying the process gas stream into the partitioned scrubber to divide the gas stream proportionally based on desired NO_X removal into at least two process gas streams fed through the two chambers, and

selectively feeding ozone into at least one of the chambers for admixing with the process gas stream fed through the chamber to quickly oxidize the contaminants in the gas stream.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

capturing the oxidized contaminants in the separated gas stream in a capture device for removal of the oxidized contaminants from the separated gas stream.

4. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

conditioning the process gas stream containing contaminants prior to admixing with ozone by selectively cooling, quenching, and pre-scrubbing of the contaminants.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

treating a first preselected percentage of the process gas stream with ozone for oxidation of the contaminants therein,

thereafter treating a second preselected percentage of the process gas stream with ozone greater than the first preselected percentage of the treated gas stream, and

further treating a third preselected percentage of the process gas stream with ozone greater than the second preselected percentage of the treated gas stream to where substantially all of the contaminants are removed from the process gas stream.

6. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

partitioning the scrubber into at least two chambers to receive in one chamber the oxidized portion of the process gas stream,

contacting the oxidized portion of the process gas stream with a scrubbing medium in the scrubber to remove the oxidized contaminants from the process gas stream,

capturing the oxidized contaminants removed from the process gas stream, and

thereafter unifying the portion of the process gas stream free of contaminants with the portion of the process gas stream containing contaminants.

7. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

unifying the gas stream free of contaminants and containing excess ozone with the gas stream containing contaminants, and

oxidizing the excess ozone in the unified gas stream upon contact with the gas stream containing contaminants to thereby remove excess ozone from the unified gas stream.

8. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

mixing a preselected percentage of the process gas stream containing contaminants with a preselected percentage of the process gas stream free of contaminants and containing excess ozone to form a unified gas stream, and

consuming the excess ozone by the contaminants present in the unified gas stream.

9. A method as set forth in claim 1 which includes,

reducing the residence time of the separated process gas streams in the scrubber by adding an excess of ozone to the separated gas stream.

10. A method for the partial removal of contaminants from a process gas stream comprising the steps of:

conditioning the process gas stream emitted from a combustion process,

separating the process gas stream into at least two process gas streams,

injecting ozone into at least one of the separated process gas streams to provide mixing of the ozone with the contaminants including nitrogen oxides in the separated process gas stream,

oxidizing nitrogen oxides in the separated process gas stream by mixing with ozone,

capturing the oxidized nitrogen oxides in a capture device to remove the nitrogen oxides from the separated process gas stream, and

recombining the separated process gas stream substantially free of nitrogen oxides with the remainder of process gas stream containing contaminants.

11. A method as set forth in claim 10 which includes,

removing the oxidized nitrogen oxides in the separated gas stream on condensing surfaces selected from the group consisting of a heat exchanger, a condenser, and a coalescing device.

12. A method as set forth in claim 10 which includes,

capturing the oxidized contaminants removed from the gas stream in a capture device selected from the group consisting of a fabric filter, wet and dry electrostatic precipitators, a wet scrubber, a dry scrubber, a bag house, condensing surfaces, and a mist separator.

13. A method as set forth in claim 10 which includes,

removing a preselected percentage of the process gas from the process gas stream for oxidation of substantially the same percentage of nitrogen oxides in the process gas as the percentage of process gas removed from the gas stream.

14. A method as set forth in claim 10 which includes,

recombining the gas stream free of nitrogen oxides with the gas stream containing nitrogen oxides, and

consuming any excess ozone present in the recombined gas streams by mixing the ozone with contaminants present in the recombined gas stream.

15. A method as set forth in claim 10 which includes,

treating one of the separated process gas streams with ozone to rapidly oxidize the contaminants therein prior to feeding the treated process gas stream to the capture device,

spraying the treated gas stream with an aqueous medium in the capture device to intrain the oxidized contaminants in the aqueous spray,

removing mist and droplets from the treated process gas stream exiting the capture device, and

reuniting the treated process gas stream with the process gas stream containing contaminants to consume any excess ozone present in the reunited process gas streams by the contaminants contained therein.

16. A method as set forth in claim 10 which includes,

recombining the separated gas stream substantially free of oxidized nitrogen oxides removed therefrom with the remaining separated gas stream not treated by ozone to form a unified gas stream, and

consuming in the unified gas stream excess ozone present in the gas stream free of oxidized nitrogen oxides by mixing the excess ozone with the nitrogen oxides in the untreated gas stream to remove all excess ozone from the unified gas stream.

17. Apparatus for the partial removal of contaminants from a process gas stream comprising,

a duct for conveying a process gas stream from the exhaust of a combustion process,

a scrubber connected to said duct for receiving the process gas stream containing contaminants,

a source of ozone introduced into a first zone of the process gas stream in said scrubber for selective mixing with the process gas stream and a second zone of the process gas stream in said scrubber being free of ozone, and

the ozone mixed with the process gas stream in said first zone oxidizes the nitrogen oxides present in the process gas stream first zone.

18. Apparatus for the partial removal of contaminants from a process gas stream as set forth in claim 17 which includes,

said duct partitioned into a first chamber and a second chamber for receiving the process gas stream,

said duct first chamber being injected with ozone,

said duct first chamber receiving ozone for mixing with the process gas stream in to oxidize the contaminants therein,

a third chamber of said duct positioned downstream of the duct first and second chambers having an aqueous spray medium for capturing the oxidized contaminants in the process gas stream to remove the contaminants oxidized in the first zone of the process gas stream,

said duct third chamber conveying the process gas stream from the first zone free of contaminants and the process gas stream from the second zone containing contaminants to said scrubber,

said scrubber remixing the process gas streams from the first and second zones, and

said scrubber generating a spray of aqueous medium into the remixed process gas streams to remove any remaining contaminants oxidized by excess ozone remaining in the remixed process gas streams.

19. Apparatus for the partial removal of contaminants from a process gas stream as set forth in claim 17 which includes,

said scrubber including a plurality of Venturi scrubbers for receiving a stream of process gas from the combustion process,

said Venturi scrubbers each provided with a scrubbing medium to contact the process gas stream flowing therethrough to remove acid gases and particulate matter from the process gas,

a duct partitioned into a first chamber and a second chamber for receiving the process gas discharged from said Venturi scrubbers,

said duct first chamber selectively injected with ozone for mixing with the process gas in said duct first chamber so that only a preselected percentage of the process gas flowing from said Venturi scrubbers is oxidized,

a capture device for receiving the process gas streams from said duct first and second chambers, and

said capture device provided with aqueous medium sprays for capturing the oxidized contaminants in the process gas to remove the oxidized contaminants from the process gas stream.

20. Apparatus for the partial removal of contaminants from a process gas stream as set forth in claim 17 which includes,

an aqueous reagent stream contacting the process gas stream in said duct to form finely dusted solids in the process gas stream,

a modular capture device including a bag house having a plurality of chambers for receiving the gas stream containing the finely dusted solids,

an injector for supplying ozone into preselected chambers of said bag house having a solid reagent to obtain a preselected percentage of oxidation of contaminants in the gas stream,

said solid reagent in said chambers of said bag house absorbing oxidized contaminants while the gas stream free of contaminants exits said chamber,

an exit duct extending from each of said chambers to unite the gas streams flowing from each of said chambers forming a treated gas stream, and

said exit duct providing for mixing of the gas streams exiting said chambers so that any residual ozone is consumed by the contaminants remaining in the treated gas stream.

21. A method for the partial removal of contaminants from a process gas stream comprising the steps of:

conditioning the process gas stream emitted from a combustion process,

injecting ozone into a portion of process gas stream to provide mixing of the ozone with the contaminants including nitrogen oxides in the selected portion of the process gas stream,

oxidizing nitrogen oxides in the selected portion of the process gas stream by mixing with ozone,

capturing the oxidized nitrogen oxides in a capture device to remove the nitrogen oxides from the selected portion of the process gas stream, and

recombining the selected portion of the process gas stream with the remainder of process gas stream containing contaminants.