Multi-mode cone beam CT radiotherapy simulator and treatment machine with a flat panel imager

• US 8,867,703 B2
• Filed: 01/17/2012
• Issued: 10/21/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 12/18/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Varian Medical Systems Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Original Assignee: Varian Medical Systems Incorporated (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Shapiro, Edward G., Seppi, Edward J., Pavkovich, John M., Munro, Peter, Johnsen, Stanley W., Colbeth, Richard E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ho, Allen C.
• Application Number:
  US13/352,222
• Publication Number:
  US 20120114094A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,008 Days
• Field of Search: 378/65, 378/20
• US Class Current: 378/65
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/035 Mechanical aspects of CT
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/04 Positioning of patients; Tiltable beds or the like operating tables A61G13/00; operating chairs A61G15/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/0407 Supports, e.g. tables or beds, for the body or parts of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/0487 Motor-assisted positioning
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4085 Cone-beams
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/42 Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4208 characterised by using a particular type of detector
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4233 using matrix detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4241 using energy resolving detectors, e.g. photon counting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/44 Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4429 related to the mounting of source units and detector units
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4435 the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4447 Tiltable gantries
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/461 Displaying means of special interest
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/487 involving fluoroscopy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1054 using a portal imaging system
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/1061 using an x-ray imaging system having a separate imaging source
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/10 X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy A61N5/01 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/103 Treatment planning systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1031 : using a specific method of dose optimization
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1039 : using functional images, e.g. PET or MRI
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1042 : with spatial modulation of the radiation beam within the treatment head
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1045 : using a multi-leaf collimator, e.g. for intensity modulated radiation therapy or IMRT
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1047 : with movement of the radiation head during application of radiation, e.g. for intensity modulated arc therapy or IMAT
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1048 : Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1049 : for verifying the position of the patient with respect to the radiation beam
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/1064 : for adjusting radiation treatment in response to monitoring
• CPC Class Codes: G01T 1/202 : the detector being a crystal

Abstract

A multi-mode cone beam computed tomography radiotherapy simulator and treatment machine is disclosed. The radiotherapy simulator and treatment machine both include a rotatable gantry on which is positioned a cone-beam radiation source and a flat panel imager. The flat panel imager captures x-ray image data to generate cone-beam CT volumetric images used to generate a therapy patient position setup and a treatment plan.

Claims

1. A radiation treatment system, comprising:

a rotatable gantry;

a treatment source;

a cone-beam radiation source coupled to the rotatable gantry;

a flat-panel imager coupled to the rotatable gantry, wherein the flat-panel imager is operable to capture image projection data of a patient;

a first logic that reconstructs a cone-beam computer tomography (CT) volumetric image data based on the image projection data;

a patient support to support the patient; and

a second logic configured to control the patient support and place the patient in an operative position to begin a treatment based on the cone-beam CT volumetric image data or the image projection data.

2. The radiation treatment system of claim 1, wherein the first logic and the second logic comprise at least one of hardwired logic and a programmable computer component and wherein the programmable computer component comprises a processor.

3. The radiation treatment system of claim 1, wherein the flat-panel imager includes an amorphous silicon sensor array and includes a cesium iodide scintillator, wherein the cesium iodide scintillator includes a mixture in a large matrix of cesium iodide crystals coated with a reflective powder and epoxy.

4. The radiation treatment system of claim 1, wherein the flat-panel imager is capable of fluoroscopic imaging, radiographic imaging, and cone-beam CT imaging.

5. The radiation treatment system of claim 1, wherein the flat-panel imager is capable of generating image projection data at 15 to 30 frames per second.

6. The radiation treatment system of claim 1, further comprising:

a computing unit, coupled to the rotatable gantry, to store the image projection data captured by the flat-panel imager.

7. The radiation treatment system of claim 1, wherein the treatment source is a megavoltage radiation source.

8. The radiation treatment system of claim 1, wherein controlling the patient support and placing the patient in the operative position to begin the treatment comprises:

positioning the patient on the patient support;

then

controlling the patient support to re-position the patient so that a center of the treatment source is matched with a center of a treatment plan.

9. The radiation treatment system of claim 8, wherein positioning the patient on the patient support comprises placing the patient on the patient support, and then positioning the patient support to place a target volume of the patient within the range of operation (1) of the treatment source and (2) of the flat-panel imager;

and

wherein controlling the patient support to re-position the patient comprises controlling the patient support to re-position the target volume based on comparing (1) the cone-beam CT volumetric image data or the image projection data showing the center of the treatment source with (2) reference images of the treatment plan showing the center of the treatment plan.

10. A method to prepare for a clinical treatment, comprising:

obtaining image projection data from transmitting at least a portion of a cone-beam from a radiation source through a target volume onto a flat panel imager;

generating cone-beam computer tomography (CT) volumetric image data based on the obtained image projection data; and

placing a patient in an operative position to begin the clinical treatment based on the cone-beam CT volumetric image data or the image projection data.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:

emitting the cone-beam from the radiation source, wherein the radiation source is part of a clinical treatment machine; and

transmitting at least a portion of the cone-beam through the target volume, wherein the clinical treatment machine has a rotatable gantry pivotably coupled at a pivot point to a frame.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein the radiation source is a cone-beam computed tomography radiation source, and wherein the image projection data is generated from the flat-panel imager capturing radiation from the cone-beam computed tomography radiation source passing through the target volume.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining comprises capturing the image projection data at a frame rate in the range of 15-30 frames per second.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising radiating the target volume with a megavoltage radiation source.

15. A method of claim 10, wherein placing the patient in the operative position comprises:

determining a patient position relative to a high-energy radiation treatment beam of a treatment radiation source of a clinical treatment machine using logic comprising at least one of hardwired logic and a programmable computer component.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

emitting the cone-beam from the radiation source, wherein the radiation source is part of the clinical treatment machine; and

transmitting at least a portion of the cone-beam through the target volume, wherein the clinical treatment machine has a rotatable gantry pivotably coupled at a pivot point to a frame.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the radiation source is a cone-beam computed tomography radiation source, and wherein the image projection data is generated from the flat-panel imager capturing radiation from the cone-beam computed tomography radiation source passing through a target volume.

18. The method of claim 15, wherein obtaining comprises capturing the image projection data at a frame rate in the range of 15-30 frames per second.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising:

generating a treatment plan for the clinical treatment machine based on the cone-beam CT volumetric image data; and

using the treatment plan to instruct the clinical treatment machine to at least adjust a treatment radiation source into position to align a treatment volume with the treatment radiation source, wherein the radiation source is a kilovoltage radiation source and wherein the treatment radiation source comprises a megavoltage radiation source to radiate the treatment volume with radiation.

20. The method of claim 10, wherein placing the patient in the operative position comprises:

positioning the patient on a patient support;

then

controlling the patient support to re-position the patient so that a center of a treatment radiation source is matched with a center of a treatment plan.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein positioning the patient on the patient support comprises placing the patient on the patient support, and then positioning the patient support to place a target volume of the patient within the range of operation (1) of the treatment source and (2) of the flat-panel imager;

and

wherein controlling the patient support to re-position the patient comprises controlling the patient support to re-position the target volume based on comparing (1) the cone-beam CT volumetric image data or the image projection data showing the center of the treatment radiation source with (2) reference images of the treatment plan showing the center of the treatment plan.