Waveguide neural interface device

• US 8,870,857 B2
• Filed: 11/05/2010
• Issued: 10/28/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 11/05/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Neuronexus Technologies Incorporated (NEL Group, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Greatbatch Limited (Greatbatch Incorporated)
• Inventors: Seymour, John P., Gulari, Mayurachat, Kipke, Daryl R., Kong, Kc
• Primary Examiner(s): Schaetzle, Kennedy
• Assistant Examiner(s): LEE, ERICA SHENGKAI
• Application Number:
  US12/940,748
• Publication Number:
  US 20110112591A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,453 Days
• Field of Search: 607/116
• US Class Current: 606/15
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0233 Special features of optical sensors or probes classified in A61B5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/046 in a matrix array
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0084 for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters A61B5/1459 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/24 Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4076 Diagnosing or monitoring particular conditions of the nervous system A61B5/4821, A61B5/4824 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/0626 Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/0643 Applicators, probes irradiating specific body areas in close proximity
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/0622 Optical stimulation for exciting neural tissue
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/49016 Antenna or wave energy "plumbing" making

Abstract

A waveguide neural interface device including: a neural device implantable in tissue and including an array of electrode sites that electrically communicate with their surroundings, in which the array of electrode sites includes at least one recording electrode site; and a waveguide, coupled to the neural device, that carries light along a longitudinal axis and includes a light directing element that redirects the carried light from the waveguide to illuminate selectively targeted tissue, in which at least a portion of the redirected light is directed laterally away from the longitudinal axis and the recording electrode site is configured to sample illuminated tissue. A method for assembling a waveguide neural interface device is also described.

Claims

1. A waveguide neural interface device, comprising:

a) a neural device configured for implanting in tissue and comprises a neural device sidewall extending from a proximal neural device portion that is connectable to a pulse generator to a distal neural device portion;

b) an array of electrode sites supported by the neural device sidewall, wherein the array of electrode sites are configured to electrically communicate with their surroundings and comprises at least one recording electrode site located on a first face of the distal neural device portion;

c) a first waveguide extending from a proximal first waveguide portion that is connectable to a light source to a distal first waveguide portion having a distal first waveguide end, wherein the distal first waveguide portion is supported by a second face of the distal neural device portion;

d) an aperture extending from the first face through the neural device sidewall to the second face in the distal neural device portion; and

e) a light redirecting element supported by the distal first waveguide portion adjacent to the aperture,

f) wherein the light redirecting element serves to redirect light traveling along the distal first waveguide portion through the aperture in the neural device portion to thereby illuminate selectively targeted tissue adjacent to, but in a manner that avoids direct illumination of, the at least one recording electrode site on the first face of the distal neural device portion, and wherein the at least one recording electrode site is configured to sample illuminated tissue.

2. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the neural device is a neural probe.

3. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the redirected light, is aimed substantially in a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the light redirecting element.

4. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the second face is opposite the first face of the distal neural device portion.

5. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the light redirecting element of the first waveguide includes at least one selected from the group consisting of:

a refractor that refracts light through the aperture in the neural device sidewall, a reflector that reflects light through the aperture in the neural device sidewall, and a lens that focuses light through the aperture in the neural device sidewall.

6. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 5 wherein the reflector comprises a selectively roughened surface that modulates the path of reflected light.

7. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the electrode sites and the first waveguide are mounted on the same face of the distal neural device portion.

8. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the first waveguide extends laterally beyond the neural device so that a first portion of the redirected light travels out through the aperture and a second portion of the redirected light is redirected laterally away from the first waveguide.

9. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the light redirecting element of the first waveguide includes a refractor that refracts light away from a longitudinal axis of the light redirecting element.

10. The waveguide neural interface of claim 9, wherein the reflector includes a roughened surface that scatters light.

11. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the light redirecting element of the first waveguide includes a reflector that reflects light away from a longitudinal axis of the light redirecting element.

12. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the light redirecting element of the first waveguide includes a lens that manipulates light away from a longitudinal axis of the light redirecting element.

13. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the light redirecting element of the first waveguide includes an optically dissipating portion that dissipates the light to illuminate tissue.

14. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide includes a plurality of light redirecting elements, wherein each light redirecting element redirects a portion of the light from a different point along the distal first waveguide portion.

15. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 14, wherein each light redirecting element redirects a portion of the light at a different distance along a length of the distal first waveguide portion.

16. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, further comprising a second waveguide coupled to the neural device.

17. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 16, wherein the neural device includes at least a first neural device branch and a second neural device branch.

18. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 17, wherein the first waveguide is coupled to the first neural device branch and the second waveguide is coupled to the second neural device branch.

19. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide is rigid.

20. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the first waveguide further includes an inner core and a cladding layer over the core, and wherein the cladding layer is patterned to selectively expose the core, and the light redirecting element includes the exposed core.

21. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 20 wherein the distal first waveguide portion further includes a layer of optically dissipating material patterned on the exposed core.

22. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 21 wherein the optically dissipating material is aluminum oxide.

23. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 20 wherein, the exposed core is embedded with optically dissipating molecules.

24. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, further comprising a circuit board that interfaces with the first waveguide and the at least one recording electrode of the array of electrode sites.

25. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 24, wherein the circuit board is double-faced and includes an electrical face having electrical components that interface with the array of electrode sites and an optical face having components that interface with the first waveguide.

26. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 25, wherein the at least one recording electrode in communication with the electrical face of the circuit board is located on the first face of the neural device, and the first waveguide in communication with the optical face of the circuit board is located on the second face of the neural device.

27. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 26, wherein the circuit board further includes a light source and wherein the light source provides light to the first waveguide.

28. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the array of electrode sites further includes at least one stimulation electrode site.

29. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the light redirecting element includes an optically diffusive portion that diffuses light.

30. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1, wherein the light redirecting element includes an optically scattering portion that scatters light.

31. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein neural device has a first length from a proximal neural device end to a distal neural device end and the first waveguide has a second length from a proximal waveguide end to the distal waveguide end and wherein the light dissipating element resides at the distal waveguide end with the second length being less than the first length to thereby position the light dissipating element opposite the aperture in the neural device sidewall of the distal neural device portion.

32. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the light redirecting element is supported by the first waveguide at the distal waveguide end.

33. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the light redirecting element is supported by the distal waveguide portion at a location that is proximal the distal neural device end.

34. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the neural device includes an electrode substrate that is layered over the first waveguide, wherein at least a portion of the array of electrode sites is located on the electrode substrate.

35. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 34 wherein the first waveguide is mounted to the electrode substrate such that the light redirecting element is adjacent to at least a portion of the array of electrode sites.

36. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 34 wherein at least a portion of the light redirecting element extends laterally beyond the electrode substrate.

37. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 34 wherein the electrode substrate is wrapped around the first waveguide.

38. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 34 wherein the electrode substrate includes a substrate aperture that corresponds to the first aperture adjacent to the light redirecting element of the first waveguide such that redirected light travels through the first aperture and the substrate aperture.

39. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the first waveguide includes a second light redirecting element and the neural device includes a second aperture adjacent to the second light redirecting element of the first waveguide, such that redirected light travels from the second light redirecting element and through the second aperture to thereby illuminate tissue.

40. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the first aperture is elongated along a longitudinal axis of the first waveguide.

41. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the first waveguide is a thin-film structure.

42. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the first waveguide is an optical fiber.

43. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 1 wherein the light redirecting element includes an optically diffusive portion that diffuses light.

60. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 40, wherein the exposed core is embedded with optically dissipating molecules.

44. A waveguide neural interface device, comprising:

a) a neural device configured for implanting in tissue and comprises a neural device sidewall extending from a proximal neural device portion that is connectable to a pulse generator to a distal neural device portion, wherein at least the distal neural device portion extends along a first longitudinal axis;

b) an array of electrode sites supported by the neural device sidewall, wherein the array of electrode sites are configured to electrically communicate with their surroundings and include at least one recording electrode site located on a first face of the distal neural device portion;

c) a first waveguide extending from a proximal first waveguide portion that is connectable to a light source to a distal first waveguide portion having a distal first waveguide end, wherein the distal first waveguide portion extends along a second longitudinal axis and is supported by a second face of the distal neural device portion in a side-by-side, coaxial relationship;

d) a first aperture extending from the first face through the neural device sidewall to the second face in the distal neural device portion; and

e) a light redirecting element supported by the distal first waveguide portion adjacent to the first aperture,

f) wherein the light redirecting element serves to redirect light traveling along the distal first waveguide portion away from the second longitudinal axis and through the first aperture in the neural device sidewall to thereby illuminate selectively targeted tissue adjacent to, but in a manner that avoids direct illumination of, the at least one recording electrode site on the first face of the distal neural device portion, and wherein the at least one recording electrode site is configured to sample illuminated tissue.

45. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 44, wherein the neural device is a neural probe.

46. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 44, wherein the neural device includes an electrode substrate that is layered over the first waveguide, wherein at least a portion of the array of electrode sites is located on the electrode substrate.

47. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 46, wherein the first waveguide is mounted to the electrode substrate such that the light redirecting element is adjacent to at least a portion of the array of electrode sites.

48. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 46, wherein at least a portion of the light redirecting element extends laterally beyond the electrode substrate.

49. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 46, wherein the electrode substrate is wrapped around the first waveguide.

50. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 46, wherein the electrode substrate includes a substrate aperture that corresponds to the first aperture adjacent to the light redirecting element of the first waveguide such that redirected light travels through the first aperture and the substrate aperture.

51. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 50, wherein the first waveguide includes a second light redirecting element and the neural device includes a second aperture adjacent to the second light redirecting element of the first waveguide, such that redirected light travels from the second light redirecting element and through the second aperture to thereby illuminate tissue.

52. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 50, wherein the first aperture is elongated in the direction of the second longitudinal axis of the first waveguide.

53. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 46, wherein the light redirecting element includes a reflector tip that reflects carried light along the second longitudinal axis of the distal first waveguide portion.

54. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 53, wherein the reflector tip comprises a selectively roughened surface that modulates the path of reflected light.

55. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 44, wherein the light, redirected by the light redirecting element has a substantially uniform intensity as a function of distance along the second longitudinal axis of the distal first waveguide portion.

56. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 44, wherein the first waveguide further includes an inner core and a cladding layer over the core.

57. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 56, wherein the cladding layer is patterned to selectively expose the core, wherein the distal first waveguide portion includes the exposed core.

58. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 57, wherein the distal first waveguide portion further includes a layer of optically dissipating material patterned on the exposed core.

59. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 58, wherein the optically dissipating material is aluminum oxide.

61. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 57, wherein the first waveguide is a thin-film structure.

62. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 57, wherein the first waveguide is an optical fiber.

63. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 57, wherein the neural device includes an electrode substrate that is wrapped around the first waveguide, and wherein at least a portion of the array of electrode sites is located on the electrode substrate.

64. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 63, wherein the electrode substrate includes at least one substrate aperture that corresponds to the exposed core, such that redirected light travels through the first aperture and the substrate aperture.

65. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 64, wherein the electrode substrate includes an optically dissipating material.

66. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 64, wherein the first waveguide includes a second light redirecting element and the neural device includes a second aperture adjacent to the second light redirecting element of the first waveguide, such that redirected light travels from the second light redirecting element and through the second aperture to thereby illuminate tissue.

67. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 57 wherein the neural device includes an electrode substrate that is wrapped around the first waveguide, and wherein at least a portion of the array of electrode sites is located on the electrode substrate.

68. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 67 wherein the electrode substrate includes at least one substrate aperture that corresponds to the exposed core, such that redirected light travels through the first aperture and the substrate aperture.

69. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 68 wherein the electrode substrate includes an optically dissipating material.

70. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 44, further comprising a circuit board that is double-faced and includes an electrical face having electrical components that interface with the array of electrode sites and an optical face having components that interface with the first waveguide.

71. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 44 wherein at least a portion of the redirected light is directed laterally away from a second longitudinal axis of the distal waveguide portion.

72. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 44, wherein the light redirected by the light redirecting element has a substantially uniform intensity as a function of distance along the distal first waveguide portion.

73. A waveguide neural interface device, comprising:

a) a neural device configured for implanting in tissue and comprises a neural device sidewall extending from a proximal neural device portion that is connectable to a pulse generator to a distal neural device portion, wherein at least the distal neural device portion extends along a first longitudinal axis;

b) an array of electrode sites supported by the neural device sidewall, wherein the array of electrode sites are configured to electrically communicate with their surroundings and include at least one recording electrode site located on a first face of the distal neural device portion;

c) a waveguide extending from a proximal waveguide portion that is connectable to a light source to a distal waveguide portion having a distal waveguide end, wherein the distal waveguide portion extends along a second longitudinal axis and is supported by a second face of the distal neural device portion in a side-by-side, co-axial relationship;

d) an aperture extending from the first face through the neural device sidewall to the second face in the distal neural device portion;

e) a double-faced circuit board that includes an electrical face having electrical components that interface with the at least one recording electrode site and an optical face having components that interface with the waveguide; and

f) a light redirecting element supported by the distal first waveguide portion adjacent to the aperture,

g) wherein the light redirecting element serves to redirect light traveling along the distal first waveguide portion away from the second longitudinal axis and through the aperture in the neural device sidewall to thereby illuminate selectively targeted tissue adjacent to, but in a manner that avoids direct illumination of, the at least one recording electrode site on the first face of the distal neural device portion, and

h) wherein the at least one recording electrode site is configured to sample illuminated tissue and the circuit-board is configured to transmit information recorded by the recording electrode site to the proximal neural device portion.

74. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 73 wherein the at least one recording electrode site in communication with the electrical face of the circuit board is located on a front face of the neural device, and the waveguide in communication with the optical face of the circuit board is located on a back face of the neural device.

75. The waveguide neural interface device of claim 73 wherein the circuit board further includes a light source and wherein the light source provides light to the waveguide.