Topical tetracycline compositions

• US 8,871,184 B2
• Filed: 10/01/2010
• Issued: 10/28/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/02/2009
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Journey Medical Corp. (Fortress Biotech, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Foamix Ltd. (VYNE Therapeutics, Inc.)
• Inventors: Tamarkin, Dov, Gazal, Elana, Papiashvili, Irakliy, Hazot, Yohan, Schuz, David, Keynan, Rita
• Primary Examiner(s): Palenik, Jeffrey T
• Application Number:
  US13/499,475
• Publication Number:
  US 20130028850A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,488 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 424/59
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2800/31 Anhydrous
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 2800/33 Free of surfactant
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/137 Arylalkylamines, e.g. amphetamine, epinephrine, salbutamol, ephedrine or methadone
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/192 having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid cannabinoids A61K31/658
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/4164 1,3-Diazoles
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/57 substituted in position 17 beta by a chain of two carbon atoms, e.g. pregnane or progesterone
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/573 substituted in position 21, e.g. cortisone, dexamethasone, prednisone or aldosterone
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/593 9,10-Secocholestane derivatives, e.g. cholecalciferol, i.e. vitamin D3
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 31/65 Tetracyclines
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 45/06 Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/02 Inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/06 Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/10 Alcohols; Phenols; Salts thereof, e.g. glycerol; Polyethylene glycols [PEG]; Poloxamers; PEG/POE alkyl ethers
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/12 Carboxylic acids; Salts or anhydrides thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/24 containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. cyclomethicone or phospholipids
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 47/44 Oils, fats or waxes according to two or more groups of A61K47/02-A61K47/42; Natural or modified natural oils, fats or waxes, e.g. castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, montan wax, lignite, shellac, rosin, beeswax or lanolin synthetic glycerides, e.g. medium-chain triglycerides, A61K47/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 8/31 Hydrocarbons
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 8/342 Alcohols having more than seven atoms in an unbroken chain
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 8/361 Carboxylic acids having more than seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain; Salts or anhydrides thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0014 Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions non-active ingredients are additionally classified in A61K47/00; A61K9/0009, A61K9/0021, A61K9/7015, A61K9/7023 take precedence; cosmetic preparations A61K8/00, A61Q; preparations for wound dressings or bandages A61L26/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0048 : Eye, e.g. artificial tears
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/12 : Aerosols; Foams A61K9/0043, A61K9/0056, A61K9/006, A61K9/0073 take precedence; spray-films A61K9/7015
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/122 : Foams; Dry foams edible foams A61K9/0056
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/124 : characterised by the propellant
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 1/00 : Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 11/00 : Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/00 : Drugs for genital or sexual disorders for disorders of sex hormones A61P5/24; Contraceptives
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 15/02 : for disorders of the vagina
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/00 : Drugs for dermatological disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/02 : for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/04 : Antipruritics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/06 : Antipsoriatics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/08 : Antiseborrheics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/10 : Anti-acne agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/12 : Keratolytics, e.g. wart or anti-corn preparations
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/14 : for baldness or alopecia
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 17/16 : Emollients or protectives, e.g. against radiation
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 19/02 : for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 23/00 : Anaesthetics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/00 : Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/20 : Hypnotics; Sedatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 25/24 : Antidepressants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 27/02 : Ophthalmic agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 27/06 : Antiglaucoma agents or miotics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 29/00 : Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/00 : Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/04 : Antibacterial agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/10 : Antimycotics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/12 : Antivirals
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/14 : for RNA viruses
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/18 : for HIV
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/20 : for DNA viruses
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 31/22 : for herpes viruses
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 33/00 : Antiparasitic agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 33/10 : Anthelmintics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 33/14 : Ectoparasiticides, e.g. scabicides
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 35/00 : Antineoplastic agents
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/00 : Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/02 : Immunomodulators
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/04 : Immunostimulants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/06 : Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 37/08 : Antiallergic agents antiasthmatic agents A61P11/06; ophthalmic antiallergics A61P27/14
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 39/06 : Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 5/00 : Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 7/10 : Antioedematous agents; Diuretics
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/00 : Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• CPC Class Codes: A61P 9/08 : Vasodilators for multiple indications
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 17/04 : Topical preparations for affording protection against sunlight or other radiation; Topical sun tanning preparations
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 19/00 : Preparations for care of the skin
• CPC Class Codes: A61Q 19/10 : Washing or bathing preparations

Abstract

A topical therapeutic hydrophobic breakable composition includes a carrier comprising (a) about 60% to about 99% by weight of at least one hydrophobic oil; (b) at least one viscosity-modifying agents selected from the group consisting of a fatty alcohol, a fatty acid and a wax; and (c) a tetracycline antibiotic, characterized in that at least part of the tetracycline antibiotic is suspended in the composition; the viscosity of the composition is at least about 30% higher than the viscosity of the carrier without the tetracycline antibiotic; and is higher than the viscosity of the hydrophobic oil and the tetracycline antibiotic without the viscosity modifying agents; and the amount of viscosity modifying agents can optionally be reduced by at least an amount by weight that would have increased the viscosity of the carrier without the tetracycline antibiotic by at least 30%; wherein the tetracycline is chemically stable in the composition for at least six months; wherein more than about 90% of the tetracycline has not broken down; wherein when packaged in an aerosol container to which is added a liquefied or compressed gas propellant the composition affords upon release from the container a breakable foam of at least good quality that breaks easily upon application of shear force.

Claims

1. An aerosolized topical therapeutic hydrophobic composition comprising

a carrier comprising:

a) at least one hydrophobic oil; and

b) at least one viscosity-modifying agent that is a combination comprising (i) at least one fatty alcohol and at least one wax;

(ii) at least one fatty acid and at least one wax;

or (iii) at least one fatty alcohol, at least one fatty acid, and at least one wax;

 

wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of a plant wax, an animal wax, a petroleum derived wax, and a vegetable wax;

or wherein the wax is selected from the group consisting of an albacer wax, an atlasene wax, a cardis wax, a ceramid, an alkyl-substituted aromatic compound;

a naphthene-substituted aromatic compound, a beeswax;

a BASF wax, a carnauba wax, a chinese wax, a cotton wax, a bayberry wax, a carnauba wax, a castor wax, a cuban palm wax, a duroxon wax, an esparto wax, a fat wax, a flax wax, a fischer-tropsch wax, a fir wax, a flexo wax a flower wax, glyco waxes, a japan wax, a jojoba oil, a lanolin wax, a palm wax, a rice bran wax, a rice-oil wax, a shellac wax, a soy wax, an ucuhuba wax, a hydrogenated oil, a hydrogenated castor oil, a hydrogenated cottonseed oil, a hydrogenated jojoba oil, a mink wax, a mixture of saturated n- and isoalkanes, a montan wax, a naphthene, an ouricury wax, an oxazoline wax, an ozokerite, a paraffin wax, a paraffin 58-62.degree. C. wax, paraffin 51-53.degree. C. wax, paraffin 42-44.degree. C. wax, a polyethylene wax, a PEG-6 beeswax, a polymekon wax, a retamo wax, a rezo wax, a sandy wax, a spent grain wax, a stearyl dimethicone, a sugarcane wax, a synthetic mineral wax, and mixtures and any two or more thereof;

the carrier being otherwise free of or containing less than 0.1% by weight of a surfactant,

a tetracycline antibiotic, at least part of which is suspended in the composition; and

a liquefied or compressed gas propellant;

wherein, the viscosity of the composition is at least 30% higher than the viscosity of the carrier without the tetracycline antibiotic, and is higher than the viscosity of the hydrophobic oil and the tetracycline antibiotic without the viscosity modifying agents;

wherein the composition is waterless;

wherein the at least one hydrophobic oil is present in an amount of about 60% to 99% by weight of the composition;

wherein after storage at 25°

C. for at least six months the composition retains at least 90% of the tetracycline initially present in the composition; and

wherein when packaged in an aerosol container and pressurized with a liquefied or compressed gas propellant, the composition affords upon release from the container a foam that breaks upon application of shear force.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a gel before addition of propellant;

wherein said gel liquefies and spreads upon application of shear force.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a foam;

wherein said foam has a collapse time of greater than 3 minutes.

4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ratio of composition other than propellant to propellant is from 100:

1 to 100;

25.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one hydrophobic oil is selected from the group consisting of a mineral oil, a hydrocarbon oil, an ester oil, an ester of a dicarboxylic acid, a triglyceride oil, an oil of plant origin, an oil from animal origin, an unsaturated or polyunsaturated oil, a diglyceride, a PPG alkyl ether, an essential oil, a silicone oil, liquid paraffin, an isoparaffin, a polyalphaolefin, a polyolefin, polyisobutylene, a synthetic isoalkane, isohexadecane, isododecane, alkyl benzoate, alkyl octanoate, C12-C15 alkyl benzoate, C12-C15 alkyl octanoate, arachidyl behenate, arachidyl propionate, benzyl laurate, benzyl myristate, benzyl palmitate, bis(octyldodecyl stearoyl) dimer dilinoleate, butyl myristate, butyl stearate, cetearyl ethylhexanoate, cetearyl isononanoate, cetyl acetate, cetyl ethylhexanoate, cetyl lactate, cetyl myristate, cetyl octanoate, cetyl palmitate, cetyl ricinoleate, decyl oleate, diethyleneglycol diethylhexanoate, diethyleneglycol dioctanoate, diethyleneglycol diisononanoate, diethyleneglycol diisononanoate, diethylhexanoate, diethylhexyl adipate, diethylhexyl malate, diethylhexyl succinate, diisopropyl adipate, diisopropyl dimerate, diisopropyl sebacate, diisosteary dimer dilinoleate, diisostearyl fumerate, dioctyl malate, dioctyl sebacate, dodecyl oleate, ethylhexyl palmitate, ester derivatives of lanolic acid, ethylhexyl cocoate, ethylhexyl ethylhexanoate, ethylhexyl hydroxystarate, ethylhexyl isononanoate, ethylhexyl palmytate, ethylhexyl pelargonate, ethylhexyl stearate, hexadecyl stearate, hexyl laurate, isoamyl laurate, isocetyl isocetyl behenate, isocetyl lanolate, isocetyl palmitate, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl salicylate, isocetyl stearate, isocetyl stearoyl stearate, isocetearyl octanoate, isodecyl ethylhexanoate, isodecyl isononanoate, isodecyl oleate, isononyl isononanoate, isodecyl oleate, isohexyl decanoate, isononyl octanoate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl lanolate, isopropyl laurate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, isostearyl behenate, isosteary citrate, isostearyl erucate, isostearyl glycolate, isostearyl isononanoate, isostearyl isostearate, isostearyl lactate, isostearyl linoleate, isostearyl linolenate, isostearyl malate, isostearyl neopentanoate, isostearyl palmitate, isosteary salicylate, isosteary tartarate, isotridecyl isononanoate, isotridecyl isononanoate, lauryl lactate, myristyl lactate, myristyl myristate, myristyl neopentanoate, myristyl propionate, octyldodecyl myristate, neopentylglycol dicaprate, octyl dodecanol, octyl stearate, octyl palmitate, octyldodecyl behenate, octyldodecyl hydroxystearate, octyldodecyl myristate, octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate, oleyl erucate, oleyl lactate, oleyl oleate, propyl myristate, propylene glycol myristyl ether acetate, propylene glycol dicaprate, propylene glycol dicaprylate, propylene glycol dicaprylate, maleated soybean oil, stearyl caprate, stearyl heptanoate, stearyl propionate, tocopheryl acetate, tocopheryl linoleate, glyceryl oleate, tridecyl ethylhexanoate, tridecyl isononanoate, triisocetyl citrate, an alexandria laurel tree oil, an avocado oil, an apricot stone oil, a barley oil, a borage seed oil, a calendula oil, a canelle nut tree oil, a canola oil, caprylic/capric triglycerides, a castor oil, a coconut oil, a corn oil, a cotton oil, a cottonseed oil, an evening primrose oil, a flaxseed oil, a groundnut oil, a hazelnut oil, glycereth triacetate, glycerol triheptanoate, glyceryl trioctanoate, glyceryl triundecanoate, a hempseed oil, a jojoba oil, a lucerne oil, a maize germ oil, a marrow oil, a millet oil, a neopentylglycol dicaprylate/dicaprate, an olive oil, a palm oil, a passionflower oil, pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, a poppy oil, propylene glycol ricinoleate, a rapeseed oil, a rye oil, a safflower oil, a sesame oil, a shea butter, a soya oil, a soybean oil, a sweet almond oil, a sunflower oil, a sysymbrium oil, a syzigium aromaticum oil, a tea tree oil, a walnut oil, wheat germ glycerides, a wheat germ oil, a PPG-2 butyl ether, a PPG-4 butyl ether, a PPG-5 butyl ether, a PPG-9 butyl ether, a PPG-12 butyl ether, a PPG-14 butyl ether, a PPG-15 butyl ether, a PPG-15 stearyl ether, a PPG-16 butyl ether, a PPG-17 butyl ether, a PPG-18 butyl ether, a PPG-20 butyl ether, a PPG-22 butyl ether, a PPG-24 butyl ether, a PPG-26 butyl ether, a PPG-30 butyl ether, a PPG-33 butyl ether, a PPG-40 butyl ether, a PPG-52 butyl ether, a PPG-53 butyl ether, a PPG-10 cetyl ether, a PPG-28 cetyl ether, a PPG-30 cetyl ether, a PPG-50 cetyl ether, a PPG-30 isocetyl ether, a PPG-4 lauryl ether, a PPG-7 lauryl ether, a PPG-2 methyl ether, a PPG-3 methyl ether, a PPG-3 myristyl ether, a PPG-4 myristyl ether, a PPG-10 oleyl ether, a PPG-20 oleyl ether, a PPG-23 oleyl ether, a PPG-30 oleyl ether, a PPG-37 oleyl ether, a PPG-40 butyl ether, a PPG-50 oleyl ether, a PPG-11 stearyl ether, a herring oil, a cod-liver oil, a salmon oil, a cyclomethicone, a dimethyl polysiloxane, a dimethicone, an epoxy-modified silicone oil, a fatty acid-modified silicone oil, a fluoro group-modified silicone oil, a methylphenylpolysiloxane, phenyl trimethicone, a polyether group-modified silicone oil, and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fatty alcohol or said fatty acid has at least 12 carbon atoms in its carbon backbone.

7. The composition of claim 1, wherein said fatty alcohol or said fatty acid have a melting point of more than 40°

C.

8. The composition of claim 6, wherein said fatty alcohol is selected from the group consisting of lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol, triacontanol, tetratriacontanol;

and wherein said fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, docosanoic acid, tetracosanoic acid, hexacosanoic acid, heptacosanoic acid, octacosanoic acid, triacontanoic acid, dotriacontanoic acid, tritriacontanoic acid, tetratriacontanoic acid, and pentatriacontanoic acid.

9. The composition of claim 6, wherein the carbon chain of said fatty alcohol or said fatty acid is substituted with a hydroxyl group.

10. The composition of claim 9, wherein said fatty acid is 12-hydroxy stearic acid.

11. The composition of claim 1, wherein said wax is selected from the group consisting of a carnauba wax, an ouricury wax, a sugarcane wax, a retamo wax, a jojoba oil, a beeswax, a petroleum derived wax, a paraffin wax, a polyethylene wax, a hydrogenated castor oil, and mixtures of any two or more thereof.

12. The composition of claim 1 wherein the viscosity-modifying agent is a combination comprising at least one fatty alcohol, at least one fatty acid, and least one wax, wherein the at least one wax comprises a beeswax or a hydrogenated oil or both.

13. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition contains less than 0.4% by weight of protic solvents, polar aprotic solvents, and silicone thickening agents.

14. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition contains less than 0.4% by weight of polymeric gelling agents, polyols, short chain alcohols, and silicone thickening agents.

15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition contains less than 0.2% by weight of protic solvents, polar aprotic solvents, and silicone thickening agents.

16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of a tetracycline, an oxytetracycline, a demeclocycline, a doxycycline, a lymecycline, a meclocycline, a methacycline, a minocycline, a rolitetracycline, a chlorotetracycline, and a tigecycline.

17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is hydrophobic.

18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is present in a free base form, a hydrate form, a salt form, or a complex form.

19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the Log of the distribution constant of the tetracycline antibiotic at pH 7.0 (buffer/chloroform) is equal to or less than 0.2.

20. The composition of claim 17, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic does not comprise a hydroxy group at carbons 5, 6, and 7.

21. The composition of claim 17, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is selected from the group consisting of aminocycline, a doxycycline, and mixtures thereof.

22. The composition of claim 1, further comprising an additional active agent.

23. The composition of claim 22, wherein the additional active agent is selected form the group consisting of an active herbal extract, an acaricide, an age spot and keratose removing agent, an allergen, an alpha hydroxyl acid, an analgesic agent, an androgen, an antiacne agent, an antiallergic agent, an antiaging agent, an antibacterial agent, an antibiotic, an antiburn agent, an anticancer agent, an antidandruff agent, an antidepressant, an antidermatitis agent, an antiedemic anent, an antifungal agent, an antihistamine, an antihelminth agent, an anti-hyperkeratosis agent, an anti-infective agent, an antiinflammatory agent, an antiirritant, an antilipemic agent, an antimicrobial agent, an antimycotic agent, an antioxidant, an antiparasitic agent, an antiproliferative agent, an antipruritic agent, an antipsoriatic agent, an antirosacea agent, an antiseborrheic agent, an antiseptic agent, an antiswelling agent, an antiviral agent, an anti-wart agent, an anti-wrinkle agent, an antiyeast agents, an astringent, a beta-hydroxy acid, benzoyl peroxide, a topical cardiovascular agent, a chemotherapeutic agent, a corticosteroid, an immunogenic substance, a dicarboxylic acid, a disinfectant, an estrogen, a fungicide, a hair growth regulator, a haptene, a hormone, a hydroxy acid, an immunosuppressant, an immunoregulating agent, an immunomodulator, an immunostimulant, an insecticide, an insect repellent, a keratolytic agent, a lactam, a local anesthetic agent, a lubricating agent, a masking agent, a metals, a metal oxide, a mitocide, a neuropeptide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, an oxidizing agent, a pediculicide, a peptide, a pesticide, a protein, a photodynamic therapy agent, a progesterone, a radical scavenger, a refatting agent, a retinoid, a sanative, a scabicide, a sedative, a self tanning agent, a skin protective agent, a skin whitening agent, a steroid, a steroid hormone, a vasoactive agent, a vasoconstrictor, a vasodilator, a vitamin, a vitamin A, a vitamin A derivative, a vitamin B, a vitamin B derivative, a vitamin C, a vitamin C derivative, a vitamin D, a vitamin D derivative, a vitamin D analog, a vitamin F, a vitamin F derivative, a vitamin K, a vitamin K derivative, a wound healing agent, and a wart remover.

24. The composition of claim 17, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is minocycline.

25. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of one or more of protic solvents, polar aprotic solvents, polymeric gelling agents, polyols, short chain alcohols, and silicone thickening agents.

26. The composition of claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the composition is at least 100% higher than the viscosity of the composition without the tetracycline antibiotic.

27. The composition of claim 15, wherein the composition contains less than 0.1% by weight of protic solvents, polar aprotic solvents, and silicone thickening agents.

28. The composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one viscosity-modifying agent is about 0.1% to about 40% by weight of the composition.

29. The composition of claim 28, wherein the at least one viscosity-modifying agent is about 0.4% to about 18% by weight of the composition.

30. The composition of claim 29, wherein the at least one viscosity-modifying agent is about 1% to about 12% by weight of the composition.

31. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is about 0.001% to about 10% by weight of the composition.

32. The composition of claim 1, wherein the tetracycline antibiotic is about 0.025% to about 6% by weight of the composition.

33. The composition of claim 1, wherein the carrier is otherwise free of surfactant.

34. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises less than 15% petrolatum by weight of the composition.

35. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises less than 10% petrolatum by weight of the composition.

36. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises less than 5% of petrolatum by weight of the composition.

37. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is free of petrolatum.

38. A method of treating or alleviating the symptoms of a dermatological, an ophthalmological, a gynecological, or mucosal disorder, comprising:

applying to a target area a composition of claim 1, wherein the disorder includes at least one etiological factor selected from the group consisting of an infection, an inflammation, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration, and apoptosis.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the dermatological disorder is selected from the group consisting of an abscess, acne, acne conglobata, acne fulminans, acne vulgaris, acne scars, acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis, acute lymphangitis, allergic contact dermatitis, alopecia, athlete'"'"'s foot, atopic dermatitis, bacterial skin infections, bullous pemphigoid, burn, calluses candidiasis, carbuncles, cellulitis, chemical burns, chicken pox, cholinergic urticaria, chronic effects of sunlight, comedones, corns, creeping eruption, cutaneous abscess, cutaneous myiasis, delusional parasitosis, dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, dermatological inflammation, dermatophytoses, drug eruptions and reactions, dyshidrotic eczema, eczema, epidermoid cyst, epidermal necrolysis, exfoliative dermatitis, erythema multiforme, folliculitis, fungal nail infections, fungal skin infections, furuncles, gangrene, genital herpes, head lice, impetigo, inflammatory acne, ingrown nails, intertrigo, irritant contact dermatitis, ischemic necrosis, itching, jock itch, Kaposi'"'"'s sarcoma, molluscum contagiosum, MRSA, necrotizing subcutaneous infection, necrotizing fasciitis, necrotizing myositis, nodular papulopustular acne, non-inflammatory acne, nummular dermatitis, parapsoriasis paronychia, parasitic skin infections, pemphigus, photo-allergy, photo-damage, photo-irritation, photosensitivity, papules, pediculosis, perioral dermatitis, pimples, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilaris, poison ivy, post-operative or post-surgical skin conditions, pressure ulcers, pressure urticaria, pruritis, pseudofolliculitis barbae, psoriasis, pustules, rosacea, scabies, scarring, scleroderma, sebaceous cyst, seborrheic dermatitis, seborrheic keratosis, shingles, skin aging, skin rash, skin ulcers, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, sunburn, thermal burns, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea versicolor, toxic epidermal necrolysis, trauma or injury to the skin, varicella zoster virus, viral skin infections, wrinkles, and yeast skin infections.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein the gynecological or mucosal disorder is selected from the group consisting of a disorder of a body cavity or mucosal surface, a disorder of the nose, mouth, eye, ear, respiratory system, vagina, urethra, or rectum, chlamydia infection, gonorrhea infection, herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital warts, bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis, molluscum contagiosum, nongonococcal urethritis (NGU), trichomoniasis, vulvodynia, yeast infection, pelvic inflammation, anal abscess/fistula, anal fissure, and hemorrhoids.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein the ophthalmological disorder is selected from the group consisting of an eye infection, an eye redness, eyelid problems, ophtahlmic allergy, blepharitis, corneal abrasion, corneal edema, corneal ulcer, conjunctivitis, contact lens complications, dry eye, eyelid cellulitis, glaucoma, macular degeneration, macular edema, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, obstructed tear duct, ocular rosacea, optic neuritis, orbital cellulitis, recurrent corneal erosion, trachoma, and uveitis.