Organic el element
First Claim
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1. An organic light-emitting element, comprising:
- an anode;
a functional layer containing an organic material; and
a hole injection layer for injecting holes to the functional layer, the hole injection layer being between the anode and the functional layer,wherein the hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide,the hole injection layer is formed under conditions where a total gas pressure is higher than 2.7 pascals and at most equal to 7.0 pascals, a ratio of oxygen partial pressure to the total gas pressure is at least equal to 50% and at most equal to 70%, and an input power density of a sputtering target is at least equal to 1 W/cm2 and at most equal to 2.8 W/cm2, andan ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the hole injection layer, using a He I line as a light source and a normal line direction of a surface of the substrate as an electron emission angle, exhibits an upward protrusion that is 1.8 electron volts to 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of binding energy, the upward protrusion corresponding to an occupied energy level of the hole injection layer.
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Abstract
An organic light-emitting element includes an anode, a functional layer, and a hole injection layer between the anode and the functional layer. The functional layer contains an organic material. The hole injection layer injects holes to the functional layer. The hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide and includes an occupied energy level that is approximately 1.8 electron volts to approximately 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of binding energy.
47 Citations
17 Claims
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1. An organic light-emitting element, comprising:
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an anode; a functional layer containing an organic material; and a hole injection layer for injecting holes to the functional layer, the hole injection layer being between the anode and the functional layer, wherein the hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide, the hole injection layer is formed under conditions where a total gas pressure is higher than 2.7 pascals and at most equal to 7.0 pascals, a ratio of oxygen partial pressure to the total gas pressure is at least equal to 50% and at most equal to 70%, and an input power density of a sputtering target is at least equal to 1 W/cm2 and at most equal to 2.8 W/cm2, and an ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the hole injection layer, using a He I line as a light source and a normal line direction of a surface of the substrate as an electron emission angle, exhibits an upward protrusion that is 1.8 electron volts to 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of binding energy, the upward protrusion corresponding to an occupied energy level of the hole injection layer. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A manufacturing method for an organic light-emitting element, comprising:
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preparing an anode; forming a tungsten oxide layer above the anode by introducing a gas comprising an argon gas and an oxygen gas to a chamber of a sputtering device, a total pressure of the gas in the chamber being greater than 2.7 pascals and at most equal to 7.0 pascals, a partial pressure ratio of the oxygen gas with respect to the total pressure of the gas in the chamber being at least 50% and at most 70%, and an input power density per unit surface area of a sputtering target being at least 1 W/cm2 and at most 2.8 W/cm2; forming a functional layer containing an organic material above the tungsten oxide layer; and forming a cathode above the functional layer, wherein an ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the tungsten oxide layer, using a He I line as a light source and a normal line direction of a surface of the substrate as an electron emission angle, exhibits an upward protrusion that is 1.8 electron volts to 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the tungsten oxide layer in terms of binding energy, the upward protrusion corresponding to an occupied energy level of the hole injection layer. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16)
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17. An organic light-emitting element, comprising:
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an anode; a functional layer containing an organic material; and a hole injection layer for injecting holes to the functional layer, the hole injection layer being between the anode and the functional layer, wherein the hole injection layer comprises tungsten oxide, and an ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum of the hole injection layer, using a He I line as a light source and a normal line direction of a surface of the substrate as an electron emission angle, exhibits an upward protrusion that is 1.8 electron volts to 3.6 electron volts lower than a lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer in terms of binding energy, the upward protrusion corresponding to an occupied energy level of the hole injection layer.
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Specification