Aerodynamic integration of a payload container with a vertical take-off and landing aircraft

• US 8,876,057 B2
• Filed: 07/19/2007
• Issued: 11/04/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 07/27/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Alber, Mark R., Stille, Brandon L., Smiley, Alfred Russell
• Primary Examiner(s): O'Hara, Brian M
• Application Number:
  US12/373,537
• Publication Number:
  US 20100012769A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,665 Days
• Field of Search: 244/6, 244/7.R, 244/137.1, 244/137.4, 244/17.11, 244/17.23
• US Class Current: 244/137.1
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 2027/8236 including pusher propellers
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 27/10 arranged coaxially
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 39/02 characterised by special use
• CPC Class Codes: B64C 39/024 of the remote controlled vehicle type, i.e. RPV
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 10/10 Rotorcrafts
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 10/17 Helicopters flying platforms B64U10/13
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 20/50 Foldable or collapsible UAVs with frangible components B64U20/30
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 2101/60 for transporting passengers; for transporting goods other than weapons
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 30/21 Rotary wings
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 30/24 Coaxial rotors
• CPC Class Codes: B64U 50/13 using external fans or propellers

Abstract

A vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) rotary-wing air-craft is sized and configured to match a payload container such as a standardized Joint Modular Intermodal Container (JMIC). The aircraft may be an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) that is capable of autonomously engaging and disengaging the container so that the aircraft can pick up and drop off the JMIC with minimum human intervention.

Claims

1. A vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft comprising:

an airframe which defines a cargo tunnel along a longitudinal axis of said airframe, said cargo tunnel interfaces with a first surface of a payload container and extends at least partially along a second side and a third side of the payload container, wherein said cargo tunnel has an axial length that is longer than a length of the payload container,

a landing gear system that retracts to selectively vertically position the cargo tunnel relative to the payload container when said landing gear system is in contact with ground.

2. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said aircraft is unmanned.

3. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein the first surface is an upper surface of the payload container.

4. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said cargo tunnel includes an open forward cargo tunnel section which opens through a forward section of said airframe such that the payload container may transit along a longitudinal axis of the airframe through said open forward cargo tunnel section.

5. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said cargo tunnel includes an at least partially closed aft section.

6. The aircraft as recited in claim 5, wherein said aft section includes a propulsive system.

7. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said cargo tunnel includes a first tunnel surface, a second tunnel surface transverse to said first tunnel surface and a third tunnel surface transverse to said first tunnel surface.

8. The aircraft as recited in claim 7, wherein said cargo tunnel includes an open forward cargo tunnel section which opens through a forward section of said airframe such that the payload container may transit along a longitudinal axis of the airframe through said open forward cargo tunnel section.

9. The aircraft as recited in claim 7, wherein said second tunnel surface and said third tunnel surface are defined by respective port and starboard sponsons of said airframe.

10. The aircraft as recited in claim 9, wherein said port and starboard sponsons of said airframe are each operable to support an external fuel tank.

11. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said airframe includes a propulsive system.

12. The aircraft as recited in claim 11, wherein said cargo tunnel has an open bottom and the payload container received within said cargo tunnel has a downwardly facing surface detached from any portion of said aircraft.

13. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said airframe includes a dual, counter-rotating, coaxial rotor system having an axis of rotation that intersects the payload container, each rotor system of said dual, counter-rotating, coaxial rotor system having a plurality of blades.

14. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said cargo tunnel has an open bottom, such that the payload container received within said cargo tunnel has a downwardly facing surface that is completely exposed.

15. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, including an aerodynamic structure to define an aerodynamic interface forward of the payload container, said aerodynamic structure moveable about a generally horizontal axis.

16. The aircraft as recited in claim 1, wherein said landing gear system is configured to retract forward.

17. A vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft comprising:

an airframe which defines a cargo tunnel along a longitudinal axis of said airframe, said cargo tunnel interfaces with a first surface of a payload container and extends at least partially along a second side and a third side of the payload container; and

a dual, counter-rotating, coaxial rotor system which defines an axis of rotation, said axis of rotation intersects said first surface of the payload container when the payload container is held within said cargo tunnel

a landing gear system selectively positionable relative to said airframe when contacting ground to vertically position said cargo tunnel relative to the payload container to attach said upper surface to said payload container when said aircraft is on the ground.

18. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein said aircraft is unmanned.

19. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein the first surface is an upper surface of the payload container, and said cargo tunnel has an axial length that is longer than a length of the payload container.

20. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein said cargo tunnel includes an open forward cargo tunnel section which opens through a forward section of said airframe such that the payload container may transit along a longitudinal axis of the airframe through said open forward cargo tunnel section.

21. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein said cargo tunnel includes an at least partially closed aft section, said aft section includes a propulsive system operable to provide translational thrust.

22. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein said cargo tunnel includes a first tunnel surface, a second tunnel surface transverse to said first tunnel surface and a third tunnel surface transverse to said first tunnel surface, said cargo tunnel includes an open forward cargo tunnel section which opens through a forward section of said airframe such that the payload container may transit along a longitudinal axis of the airframe through said open forward cargo tunnel section.

23. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein said cargo tunnel includes a first tunnel surface, a second tunnel surface transverse to said first tunnel surface and a third tunnel surface transverse to said first tunnel surface, said second tunnel surface and said third tunnel surface are defined by respective port and starboard sponsons of said airframe said first tunnel surface defined by a vertically upper surface of said cargo tunnel.

24. The aircraft as recited in claim 23, wherein said port and starboard sponsons of said airframe are each operable to support an external fuel tank.

25. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein said cargo tunnel provides at least partial conformal carriage of the payload container.

26. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, further comprising an aerodynamic structure to define an aerodynamic interface forward of the payload container, said aerodynamic structure moveable about a generally horizontal axis.

27. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein each rotor of said dual, counter-rotating, coaxial rotor system includes more than two blades.

28. The aircraft as recited in claim 17, wherein said landing gear system is configured to retract forward to selectively position said landing gear system relative to said airframe.

29. A vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft comprising:

an airframe which defines a cargo tunnel along a longitudinal axis of said airframe, said cargo tunnel interfaces with a first surface of a payload container and extends at least partially along a second side and a third side of the payload container; and

an aerodynamic structure forward of the payload container to define an aerodynamic interface forward of the payload container, wherein said cargo tunnel has an axial length that is longer than a length of the payload container

a landing gear system that is retractable when said aircraft is on ground to selectively position the cargo tunnel vertically when said aircraft is on ground.

30. The aircraft as recited in claim 29, further comprising a dual, counter-rotating, coaxial rotor system which defines an axis of rotation, said axis of rotation intersects the payload container, each rotor system of said dual, counter-rotating, coaxial rotor system having a plurality of blades.

31. The aircraft as recited in claim 29, wherein said aircraft is unmanned.

32. The aircraft as recited in claim 29, wherein said cargo tunnel provides at least partial conformal carriage of the payload container.

33. The aircraft as recited in claim 29, wherein said cargo tunnel has an open bottom and the payload container received within said cargo tunnel has a downwardly facing surface detached from any portion of said aircraft.

34. The aircraft as recited in claim 29, wherein said landing gear system is configured to retract forward to position the cargo tunnel.