Single-step process for the simultaneous removal of CO;, SO;and NO;from a gas mixture

• US 8,877,150 B1
• Filed: 07/26/2013
• Issued: 11/04/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 07/26/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ohio State University
• Original Assignee: Ohio State University
• Inventors: Fan, Liang-Shih, Deshpande, Niranjani, Phalek, Nihar
• Primary Examiner(s): VANOY, TIMOTHY C
• Application Number:
  US13/952,004
• Time in Patent Office: 466 Days
• Field of Search: 423/210, 423/230, 423/239.1, 423/244.07, 502/20
• US Class Current: 423/210
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2251/404 of calcium
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/302 Sulfur oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/404 Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/60 Simultaneously removing sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/62 Carbon oxides
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/20 Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2

Abstract

A method for the removal of CO₂, SO_x and NO_x in a single-step process is described herein. A gas mixture is directed to a carbonator. A carbonaceous material and calcium sorbent is then injected into the carbonator to remove the CO₂, SO_x and NO_x. A calciner is provided to regenerate the calcium sorbent. The unreacted carbonaceous material is used to fuel the calciner.

Claims

1. A method of removing unwanted components of a gas mixture, comprising:

providing a carbonator;

directing said gas mixture into said carbonator;

introducing a carbonaceous material and calcium sorbent into said carbonator;

removing CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x from said gas mixture simultaneously in said carbonator;

providing a calciner in communication with said carbonator;

regenerating said calcium sorbent in said calciner; and

using an unreacted portion of said carbonaceous material as fuel for said calciner.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising operating said carbonator in a range of about 500 to about 700°

C.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising operating said calciner at a temperature of greater than 850°

C.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

providing a hydrator;

directing regenerated sorbent from said calciner to said hydrator; and

hydrating said regenerated sorbent.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising operating said hydrator at a temperature greater than 350°

C.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a first particle collection device for the separation of a clean flue gas stream.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a second particle collection device for the separation of a high-purity CO₂ stream from the regenerated sorbent from said calciner.

8. A method of removing unwanted components of a gas mixture, comprising:

providing a carbonator, a calciner, and a hydrator;

directing said gas mixture into said carbonator;

introducing a carbonaceous material into said carbonator;

directing a calcium sorbent into said carbonator, said calcium sorbent is CaO;

reacting said carbonaceous material and said calcium sorbent with said gas mixture in said carbonator to simultaneously remove CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x from said gas mixture, resulting in a clean flue gas stream and solids;

directing said clean flue gas stream and said solids to a first particle collection device provided downstream of said carbonator;

separating a clean flue gas stream from said solids in said first particle collection device, said solids comprising, CaCO₃, CaSO₄, unreacted carbonaceous material, and unreacted calcium sorbent;

directing said solids from said first particle collection device to said calciner;

calcining said solids to produce to produce a high-quality CO₂ stream and said calcium sorbent;

using said unreacted portion of said carbonaceous material as fuel for said calciner;

directing said high-quality CO₂ stream and said calcium sorbent to a second particle collection device;

separating said high-purity CO₂ stream and said calcium sorbent;

directing said calcium sorbent to a hydrator;

hydrator said calcium sorbent in said hydrator; and

directing said sorbent from said hydrator to said carbonator.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising operating said carbonator in a range of about 500 to about 700°

C.

10. The method of claim 8, further comprising operating said calciner at a temperature of greater than 850°

C.

11. The method of claim 8, further comprising operating said hydrator at a temperature greater than 350°

C.

12. The method of claim 8, further comprising mixing said carbonaceous material and said calcium sorbent before introduction to said carbonator.

13. A method of removing unwanted components of a gas mixture, comprising:

introducing a carbonaceous material and a calcium sorbent into a carbonator;

introducing a gas mixture into said carbonator;

reacting said gas mixture with said carbonaceous material and said calcium sorbent in said carbonator to simultaneously remove CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x from said gas mixture;

directing solid products from said carbonator to a provided calciner;

using an unreacted portion of said carbonaceous material as fuel for said calciner; and

calcining a portion of said solid products to form a regenerated calcium sorbent.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising operating said carbonator in a range of about 500 to about 700°

C.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising operating said calciner at a temperature of greater than 850°

C.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

providing a hydrator;

directing regenerated calcium sorbent from said calciner to said hydrator; and

hydrating said regenerated sorbent.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising operating said hydrator at a temperature greater than 350°

C.

18. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a first particle collection device for the separation of a clean flue gas stream.

19. The method of claim 13, further comprising providing a second particle collection device for the separation of a high-purity CO₂ stream from the regenerated calcium sorbent.