X-ray tomographic inspection system for the identification of specific target items

• US 8,885,794 B2
• Filed: 04/25/2013
• Issued: 11/11/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/2003
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Inventors: Morton, Edward James
• Primary Examiner(s): THOMAS, COURTNEY D
• Application Number:
  US13/870,407
• Publication Number:
  US 20130336447A1
• Time in Patent Office: 565 Days
• Field of Search: 378/6, 378/9, 378/10, 378/57, 378/87, 378/901
• US Class Current: 378/57
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/027 characterised by the use of a particular data acquisition trajectory, e.g. helical or spiral
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4028 resulting in acquisition of views from substantially different positions, e.g. EBCT
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4035 the source being combined with a filter or grating
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4241 using energy resolving detectors, e.g. photon counting
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4488 Means for cooling A61B6/045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/482 involving multiple energy imaging
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/505 for diagnosis of bone
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/04 and forming images of the material
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/203 Measuring back scattering
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 24/084 Detection of potentially hazardous samples, e.g. toxic samples, explosives, drugs, firearms, weapons
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/223 Mixed interrogation beams, e.g. using more than one type of radiation beam
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/226 using tomography
• CPC Class Codes: G21K 1/025 using multiple collimators, e.g. Bucky screens; other devices for eliminating undesired or dispersed radiation
• CPC Class Codes: H01J 35/045 Electrodes for controlling the current of the cathode ray, e.g. control grids

Abstract

The present invention provides for an improved scanning process with a stationary X-ray source arranged to generate X-rays from a plurality of X-ray source positions around a scanning region, a first set of detectors arranged to detect X-rays transmitted through the scanning region, and at least one processor arranged to process outputs from the first set of detectors to generate tomographic image data. The X-ray screening system is used in combination with other screening technologies, such as NQR-based screening, X-ray diffraction based screening, X-ray back-scatter based screening, or Trace Detection based screening.

Claims

1. A system for generating a sinogram, comprising:

a plurality of X-ray source points arranged around a scanning region;

a first set of detectors arranged to detect X-rays transmitted through the scanning region;

a second set of detectors arranged to detect X rays scattered from the scanning region; and

a processing system for receiving unattenuated X-ray beam intensity data from the plurality of X-ray source points, for receiving attenuated X-ray beam intensity data from the first set of detectors, and for generating said sinogram from a function of said unattenuated X-ray beam intensity data and attenuated X-ray beam intensity data, wherein said sinogram comprises data arranged in an array with a pixel number along one axis and a source angle, corresponding to one of said plurality of X-ray source points, along a second axis.

2. The system of claim 1 further comprising at least one processor configured to process the sinogram and generate at least one tomographic image and to process data output from the second set of detectors to generate scatter image data.

3. The system of claim 2 further comprising a second screening system comprising at least one of a NQR-based screening system, X-ray diffraction based screening system, X-ray back-scatter based screening system, or trace detection based screening system.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein the at least one processor outputs a signal indicating an object should be subject to the second screening system only if the first screening system identifies a threat in the object.

5. The system of claim 3 wherein the second screening system outputs a signal indicative of whether a threat exists in the scanning region and wherein said output of the second screening system, said tomographic image data, and said scatter image data are used to determine if the threat is illegal.

6. The system of claim 3 wherein said first screening system operates in parallel with said second screening system.

7. The system of claim 3 wherein said first screening system operates serially with respect to said second screening system.

8. The system of claim 2 wherein the first screening system analyzes at least one of the tomographic image data or scatter image data to determine a type of material of an object in the enclosure.

9. The system of claim 3 wherein the second screening system conducts a nuclear quadrupole measurement based on a type of material determined by analyzing the tomographic image and scatter image.

10. The system of claim 3 wherein the second screening system conducts an X-ray diffraction based screening based on the tomographic image.

11. The system of claim 3 wherein said plurality of X-ray source points are stationary.