Hardware virtualization for media processing

• US 8,893,143 B2
• Filed: 01/13/2011
• Issued: 11/18/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Marvell Asia Pte Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Original Assignee: Marvell World Trade Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Inventors: Kardashov, Timor, Kovalenko, Maxim, Elias, Arie, Ray, Guy
• Primary Examiner(s): Wu, Qing
• Application Number:
  US13/005,850
• Publication Number:
  US 20110173362A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,405 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 718/104
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 12/1036 for multiple virtual address spaces, e.g. segmentation G06F12/1045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/26 with priority control
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/455 Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/461 Saving or restoring of program or task context
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/48 Program initiating; Program switching, e.g. by interrupt
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/4881 Scheduling strategies for dispatcher, e.g. round robin, multi-level priority queues
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/50 Allocation of resources, e.g. of the central processing unit [CPU]
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/5027 the resource being a machine, e.g. CPUs, Servers, Terminals
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 9/5077 Logical partitioning of resources; Management or configuration of virtualized resources specific details on emulation or internal functioning of virtual machines G06F9/455

Abstract

Methods and systems for implementing virtual processors are disclosed. For example, in an embodiment a processing apparatus configured to act as a plurality of virtual processors includes a first virtual program space that includes a first program execution memory, the first program execution memory including code to run a non-real-time operating system capable of supporting a one or more non-real-time applications, a second virtual program space that includes a second program execution memory, the second program execution memory including code to run one or more real-time processes, and a central processing unit (CPU) configured to operate in a first operating mode and a second operating mode, the CPU being configured to perform operating system and application activities using the first virtual program space for the first operating mode without using the second virtual program space and without appreciably interfering with the one or more real-time processes that are running in the second operating mode.

Claims

1. A processing apparatus configured to act as a plurality of virtual processors, comprising:

a first virtual program space that includes a first program execution memory, the first program execution memory including code to run a non-real-time operating system capable of supporting a one or more non-real-time applications;

a second virtual program space that includes a second program execution memory, the second program execution memory including code to run one or more real-time processes, wherein the second virtual program space further includes a set of second input/output circuitry configured to trigger the high-priority interrupts upon reception of a media packet; and

a central processing unit (CPU) configured to operate in a first operating mode and a second operating mode, the CPU being configured to perform operating system and application activities using the first virtual program space for the first operating mode without using the second virtual program space and without interfering with the one or more real-time processes that are running in the second operating mode.

2. The processing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second virtual program space further includes a second storage memory.

3. The processing apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a memory management unit configured to prevent at least one of the operating system and any application of the first operating mode from modifying the second storage memory.

4. The processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a memory management unit configured to prevent at least one of the operating system and any application of the first operating mode from modifying the set of second input/output circuitry.

5. The processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising interrupt control circuitry configured to generate non-maskable, high-priority interrupts that cause the CPU to switch from the first operating mode to the second operating mode.

6. The processing apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a first state storage memory that stores operating states of the CPU upon activation of a high-priority interrupt such that CPU operating states of the first operating mode are preserved while the CPU is operating in the second operating mode.

7. The processing apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a second state storage memory that stores CPU operating states of the second operating mode while the CPU is operating in the first operating mode.

8. The processing apparatus of claim 5, wherein during the second operating mode the CPU is programmed to support voice over internet protocol (VoIP) media processing.

9. The processing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a timer circuit configured to periodically trigger the high-priority interrupts, wherein the timer circuit is configured to periodically trigger the high-priority interrupts at intervals less than intervals of media packets received by the processing apparatus, and the one or more real-time processes are configured to process media packets over multiple time slots in a way that reduces latency of at least one application executing in the first virtual program space.

10. The processing apparatus of claim 9, wherein at least one of the duration and frequency of the multiple time slots is dynamically adjustable to account for quality of service (QoS) requirements of the media packets.

11. A method for executing a plurality of virtual processors on a single central processing unit (CPU), comprising:

defining a first virtual program space that includes a first program execution memory configured to run a non-real-time operating system capable of supporting a one or more non-real-time applications;

defining a second virtual program space that includes a second program execution memory configured to run one or more real-time processes, a second storage memory as part of the second virtual program space, and wherein the operating system and all applications of the first operating mode are precluded from modifying the second storage memory, and a set of second input/output circuitry as part of the second virtual program space, and wherein the operating system and all applications of the first operating mode are precluded from modifying the set of second input/output circuitry;

generating a stream of non-maskable, high-priority interrupts in response to a reception of a stream of respective media packets; and

switching the CPU so as to alternate between a first operating mode and a second operating mode whereby during the first operating mode the CPU operates from the first virtual program space such that any operating activities that occur during the first operating mode do not interfere with real-time processes that execute during the second operating mode.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising generating the stream of non-maskable, high-priority interrupts while in the first operating mode in order to cause the CPU to switch to the second operating mode.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein generating each high-priority interrupt includes storing operating states of the CPU such that CPU operating states of the first operating mode are preserved while the CPU is operating in the second operating mode.

14. The method of claim 12, further comprising operating the CPU so as to process voice over internet protocol (VoIP) media during the second operating mode.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the step of generating the stream of non-maskable, high-priority interrupts includes generating interrupts at intervals less than intervals of received media packets such that the one or more real-time processes of the second virtual program space process media packets over multiple time slots in a way that reduces latency of at least one application executing in the first virtual program space.