Pharmacy medication verification system

• US 8,914,148 B2
• Filed: 11/25/2008
• Issued: 12/16/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 11/26/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Micro Datastat, Ltd.
• Original Assignee: Micro Datastat, Ltd.
• Inventors: Wagner, David J.
• Primary Examiner(s): COLLINS, MICHAEL
• Application Number:
  US12/277,387
• Publication Number:
  US 20090138122A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,212 Days
• Field of Search: 700231-244
• US Class Current: 700/240
• CPC Class Codes: A61G 12/001 Trolleys for transport of medicaments, food, linen, nursing supplies carts specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis A61B50/13; hand carts B62B3/00
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/087 Inventory or stock management, e.g. order filling, procurement or balancing against orders
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 11/62 in which the articles are stored in compartments in fixed receptacles
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 17/0092 for assembling and dispensing of pharmaceutical articles medical dispensers for private use, A61J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 20/13 delivered from dispensers
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/20 for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms
• CPC Class Codes: G16H 40/63 for local operation

Abstract

A pharmacy medication verification system is particularly useful for verifying medications to be dispensed to hospital patients while minimizing or eliminating verification by a pharmacist. Typically, a technician or robot picks the medications from storage bins in accordance with a medical prescription or stocking order and uses various sensors to ensure that the correct medication was picked and enters a medication container. The system typically provides correct and incorrect medication indicators as well as correct and incorrect entry indicators. Error reports may be generated when appropriate to communicate any relevant errors to the pharmacist, who can then verify that the correct medications are in the container. In one aspect, the containers are in the form of patient drawers which fit within a cart for delivery to hospital rooms. A containment device may be used to secure the drawer or other container during the verification process.

Claims

1. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a containment device which defines a filling position, wherein the containment device includes a wall having inner and outer surfaces and defining an access opening which extends from the inner surface to the outer surface and is above the filling position;

moving a medication container relative to the wall to insert the medication container into the filling position so that the access opening is above the medication container in the filling position;

determining with a medication identification sensor which faces toward a space above the access opening whether a first medication is a correct or incorrect medication by reading a machine readable identifier connected to the first medication while holding with a hand the first medication in the space above the access opening;

producing a correct or incorrect medication indicator respectively depending on whether the first medication is the correct or incorrect medication in accordance with the step of determining;

causing entry of the first medication into the medication container after the step of producing by dropping the first medication with the identifier connected thereto into the container by releasing from the hand the first medication while the first medication is in the space above the access opening;

sensing the entry with an entry sensor to verify that the first medication has entered the container;

determining with a medication identification sensor whether a second medication is a correct or incorrect medication;

wherein the second medication is a different type of medication than the first medication;

producing a correct or incorrect medication indicator related to the second medication respectively depending on whether the second medication is the correct or incorrect medication in accordance with the step of determining whether the second medication is a correct or incorrect medication;

causing entry of the second medication into the container after the step of producing related to the second medication;

sensing the entry of the second medication with an entry sensor to verify that the second medication has entered the container;

removing the container with the first and second medications therein from the filling position by moving the container relative to the wall;

providing a lid comprising the wall with the access opening such that the access opening provides access suitable to allow movement of a medication into the container; and

opening the lid to provide access to the container which is distinct from the access provided by the access opening; and

wherein the step of opening comprises the step of moving the lid including the wall and access opening relative to the container;

the step of causing entry of the second medication comprises the step of moving the second medication through the access provided by opening the lid; and

the step of causing entry of the second medication comprises the step of moving the second medication through the access provided by opening the lid without moving the second medication through the access opening formed in the wall.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of

opening a cover to provide access to the access opening;

wherein the step of opening comprises moving the cover relative to the wall while the container remains at the filling position under the wall.

3. The method of claim 2 wherein the access opening and cover in the closed position are directly above the container in the filling position.

4. The method of claim 2 wherein the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication is mounted adjacent the wall and the cover.

5. The method of claim 4 further comprising the step of opening the cover with a drive mechanism;

wherein the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication is mounted adjacent the drive mechanism.

6. The method of claim 4 further comprising a hinge by which the wall is pivotally mounted to move between open and closed positions;

and the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication is mounted adjacent the hinge.

7. The method of claim 1 further comprising

wherein causing entry of the second medication into the container occurs while the container remains at the filling position;

wherein sensing the entry of the second medication with an entry sensor occurs while the container remains at the filling position; and

verifying that the removed container contains the first and second medications by reading a machine readable code on the container with a sensor after the steps of causing and the steps of sensing.

8. The method of claim 1

wherein the access provided by opening the lid is a distinct access;

the lid is movable between an open position and a closed position in which the lid extends over the container so that moving the lid from the closed position to the open position creates the distinct access and so that moving the lid from the open position to the closed position eliminates the distinct access; and

, further comprising the steps of

while the lid is in the closed position, ascertaining with the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the second medication is a correct or incorrect medication whether the second medication is authorized to enter the container through the distinct access; and

generating an error signal in response to opening the lid if the second medication is not authorized to enter the container through the distinct access as determined by the step of ascertaining.

9. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of

locking the container in the filling position with a locking mechanism so that the container cannot be moved out of the filling position unless the locking mechanism is unlocked;

and

wherein the steps of causing entry of the first medication and sensing the entry of the first medication occur while the container is locked in the filling position.

10. The method of claim 9

wherein the lid is movable between an open position and a closed position in which the lid extends over the container;

and

wherein the step of locking comprises the step of locking the container in the filling position under the lid in the closed position.

11. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of

providing a cover wall which extends over the container while in the filling position for the purpose of preventing unauthorized objects from accidentally being dropped into the container while in the filling position;

positioning the first medication and the hand holding the first medication under the cover wall while the first medication is over the container in the filling position; and

releasing the first medication from the hand while the hand is under the cover wall to drop the first medication into the container to effect the step of causing entry of the first medication.

12. The method of claim 11 further comprising the step of

providing at a location under the cover wall and over the container the access opening through which the first medication may pass into the container when the access opening is open and through which the first medication may not pass into the container when the access opening is closed;

and

wherein the step of positioning comprises the step of positioning the first medication and the hand holding the first medication under the cover wall while the first medication and the hand holding the first medication are over the access opening and container to effect the step of causing entry of the first medication when the access opening is open.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of determining whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication comprises the step of determining with the medication identification sensor associated with the first medication that the first medication is the incorrect medication;

the step of producing related to the first medication comprises the step of producing the incorrect medication indicator;

and further comprising the step of producing an incorrect entry indicator in response to the step of sensing the entry of the first medication.

14. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of

accessing with a computer a medication profile which specifies a dose of the first medication which utilizes one of (a) only a part of a pill and (b) multiple pills;

providing with the first medication a caution label which indicates the specified dose; and

wherein the step of causing entry of the first medication comprises the step of causing entry of the first medication and caution label into the container.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of sensing the entry of the first medication occurs (a) as the first medication is dropping into the container or (b) after the first medication has entered the container.

16. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of

providing a cover which is carried by the wall and is movable relative to the wall between an open position in which medications may pass through the access opening into the container and a closed position in which medications may not pass through the access opening into the container;

wherein the space above the access opening is above the cover;

opening the cover by moving the cover from the closed position to the open position while the container remains at the filling position and while continuing to hold the first medication at the space above the access opening; and

wherein the step of dropping comprises the step of dropping the first medication with the identifier connected thereto through the access opening while the cover is in the open position.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein the machine readable identifier is connected to a single unit dose of the first medication;

and

wherein the step of causing entry of the first medication comprises the step of causing entry of the single unit dose of the first medication with the identifier connected thereto into the container; and

the step of sensing the entry of the first medication comprises the step of sensing the entry of the single unit dose of the first medication with the identifier connected thereto with an entry sensor to verify that the single unit dose of the first medication with the identifier connected thereto has entered the container.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the machine readable identifier is connected directly to the single unit dose of the first medication.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein the wall is an elevated wall which comprises a front wall section, a rear wall section, a first side wall section and a second side wall section which together define the access opening;

the container comprises a bottom wall, front and back walls connected to and extending upwardly from the bottom wall, and first and second side walls connected to and extending upwardly from the bottom wall and extending respectively from the front wall to the back wall;

the bottom wall, side walls, front wall and back wall together define an interior chamber;

further comprising the step of

positioning the container in the filling position under the elevated wall so that while the container is in the filling position, the front wall, back wall, first side wall and second side wall of the container are respectively adjacent the front wall section, rear wall section, first side wall section and second side wall section of the elevated wall so that a medication cannot be dropped outside the container between the wall sections of the elevated wall and the respective upwardly extending walls of the container; and

wherein the step of causing entry of the first medication comprises the step of dropping the first medication through the access opening into the interior chamber of the container while the container is in the filling position.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the front wall, back wall, first side wall and second side wall of the container have respective upper edges which together define a top entrance opening of the interior chamber;

the elevated wall has a lower surface; and

while the container is in the filling position, each of the upper edges and the lower surface of the elevated wall define therebetween a distance which is too small to allow for the passage of the first medication therethrough.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein the first medication is contained in a package;

the step of determining whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication comprises the step of determining with the medication identification sensor associated with the first medication whether the first medication in the package is the correct or incorrect medication;

the step of causing entry of the first medication comprises the step of causing entry of the first medication and package into the container;

the step of sensing the entry of the first medication comprises the step of sensing the entry of the first medication and package with an entry sensor to verify that the first medication and package have entered the container.

22. The method of claim 1 further comprising a syringe containing the first medication;

and

wherein the step of determining whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication comprises the step of determining with the medication identification sensor associated with the first medication whether the first medication in the syringe is a correct or incorrect medication;

the step of causing entry of the first medication comprises the step of causing entry of the first medication and syringe into the container; and

the step of sensing the entry of the first medication comprises the step of sensing the entry of the first medication and syringe with an entry sensor to verify that the first medication and syringe have entered the container.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein the first medication is in the form of a pill;

and further comprising the step of adhering a label directly to the pill with a layer of adhesive along one side of the label such that the label is removable from the pill by manually peeling the label off the pill prior to administration of the first medication to a patient; and

wherein the step of causing entry of the first medication comprises the step of causing entry of the pill and adhered label into the container.

24. The method of claim 1 wherein the lid carries a cover which is movable relative to the lid when the lid is closed between a closed position in which the cover closes the access opening to prevent entry of medications into the container through the access opening and an open position which allows entry of medications into the container through the access opening;

and

the step of opening comprises the step of moving the cover together with the lid including the wall and access opening relative to the container.

25. The method of claim 1 wherein causing entry of the first medication into the container comprises moving the first medication through the access opening formed in the lid while the lid is closed.

26. The method of claim 25 further comprising the steps of

providing a cover which is carried by and movable relative to the wall of the lid between an open position which is suitable to allow movement of a medication through the access opening and a closed position which prevents movement of a medication through the access opening;

moving the cover from the closed position to the open position; and

wherein the step of causing entry of the first medication into the container comprises the step of moving the first medication through the access opening formed in the lid while the lid is closed and the cover is in the open position.

27. The method of claim 1 wherein the access provided by opening the lid is larger than the access opening formed in the wall whereby larger items are able to enter the container through the access provided by opening the lid than are able to enter the container through the access opening formed in the wall.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein the step of causing entry of the second medication comprises the step of causing entry of a package containing the second medication into the container by moving the package and second medication contained therein through the access provided by opening the lid because the package is difficult or too large to move through the access opening in the wall.

29. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of

ascertaining with a computer program whether the second medication is authorized to enter the container through the access provided by opening the lid;

and

generating an error signal in response to opening the lid if the second medication is not authorized to enter the container through the access provided by opening the lid as determined by the step of ascertaining.

30. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of providing a transparent wall which extends directly above the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication;

and viewing the first medication and hand through the transparent wall during the steps of determining whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication and causing entry of the first medication.

31. The method of claim 1 wherein the wall is a first wall;

and further comprising the steps of providing a transparent wall which extends directly above the first wall and access opening; and

viewing the first medication and hand through the transparent wall during the steps of determining whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication and causing entry of the first medication.

32. The method of claim 1 wherein the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication is mounted adjacent the entry sensor used in sensing the entry of the first medication into the container.

33. The method of claim 1 wherein the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication is mounted adjacent the wall and the access opening.

34. The method of claim 1 further comprising a hinge by which the wall is pivotally mounted to move between open and closed positions;

and the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication is mounted adjacent the hinge.

35. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of

providing a box defining an interior chamber which extends over the wall, wherein the medication identification sensor used to determine whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication is in the interior chamber, and wherein a sidewall of the box has formed therein a manual access opening in communication with the interior chamber and space external to the box;

and

inserting the hand holding the first medication into the interior chamber via the manual access opening.

36. The method of claim 35 further comprising the step of viewing the first medication and hand through a transparent wall of the box during the steps of determining whether the first medication is a correct or incorrect medication and causing entry of the first medication.

37. The method of claim 35

wherein the step of dropping the first medication into the container comprises releasing from the hand the first medication while the hand and first medication are in the interior chamber.

38. The method of claim 37 further comprising the step of viewing the first medication and hand through a transparent wall of the box during the step of causing entry of the first medication.

39. A method comprising the steps of:

providing a containment device which defines a filling position, wherein the containment device includes a wall having inner and outer surfaces and defining an access opening which extends from the inner surface to the outer surface and is above the filling position;

moving a medication container relative to the wall to insert the medication container into the filling position so that the access opening is above the medication container in the filling position;

determining with a medication identification sensor which faces toward a space above the access opening whether a first medication is a correct or incorrect medication by reading a machine readable identifier connected to the first medication while holding with a hand the first medication in the space above the access opening;

producing a correct or incorrect medication indicator respectively depending on whether the first medication is the correct or incorrect medication in accordance with the step of determining;

causing entry of the first medication into the medication container after the step of producing by dropping the first medication with the identifier connected thereto into the container by releasing from the hand the first medication while the first medication is in the space above the access opening;

sensing the entry with an entry sensor to verify that the first medication has entered the container;

determining with a medication identification sensor whether a second medication is a correct or incorrect medication;

wherein the second medication is a different type of medication than the first medication;

producing a correct or incorrect medication indicator related to the second medication respectively depending on whether the second medication is the correct or incorrect medication in accordance with the step of determining whether the second medication is a correct or incorrect medication;

causing entry of the second medication into the container after the step of producing related to the second medication;

sensing the entry of the second medication with an entry sensor to verify that the second medication has entered the container; and

removing the container with the first and second medications therein from the filling position by moving the container relative to the wall;

wherein the wall is a first wall; and

the access opening is a first access opening; and

further comprising the step of

providing a second wall with a second access opening formed therein;

wherein the second wall and second access opening are below the first wall and first access opening; and

the filling position is under the second access opening;

wherein the step of causing entry of the first medication comprises the step of moving the first medication through the first and second access openings into the container while the container is at the filling position; and

further comprising, while the container is at the filling position, the step of

causing entry of the second medication into the container by moving the second medication through the second access opening without moving the second medication through the first access opening.