Hydrocarbon gas processing

• US 8,919,148 B2
• Filed: 09/08/2008
• Issued: 12/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 10/18/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: UOP Llc (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Ortloff Enigneers, Ltd.
• Inventors: Wilkinson, John D., Lynch, Joe T., Hudson, Hank M., Cuellar, Kyle T., Martinez, Tony L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tyler, Cheryl J
• Assistant Examiner(s): LANDEROS, IGNACIO EMMANUEL
• Application Number:
  US12/206,230
• Publication Number:
  US 20090100862A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,304 Days
• Field of Search: 62611-613, 62618-621, 626/30
• US Class Current: 62/620
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/02 in a single pressure main column system
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2200/78 Refluxing the column with a liquid stream originating from an upstream or downstream fractionator column
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2205/04 in the feed line, i.e. upstream of the fractionation step
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2240/02 Expansion of a process fluid in a work-extracting turbine (i.e. isentropic expansion), e.g. of the feed stream
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 2290/40 Vertical layout or arrangement of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, condensers, heat exchangers etc.
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0209 Natural gas or substitute natural gas
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0233 separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more
• CPC Class Codes: F25J 3/0238 separation of CnHm with 2 carbon atoms or more

Abstract

A process for the recovery of ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, and heavier hydrocarbon components from a hydrocarbon gas stream is disclosed. The stream is cooled and divided into first and second streams. The first stream is further cooled to condense substantially all of it and is thereafter expanded to the fractionation tower pressure and supplied to the fractionation tower at a first mid-column feed position. The second stream is expanded to the tower pressure and is then supplied to the column at a second mid-column feed position. A vapor distillation stream is withdrawn from the column above the feed point of the second stream and is then directed into heat exchange relation with the tower overhead vapor stream to cool the vapor distillation stream and condense at least a part of it, forming a condensed stream. At least a portion of the condensed stream is directed to the fractionation tower as its top feed. The quantities and temperatures of the feeds to the fractionation tower are effective to maintain the overhead temperature of the fractionation tower at a temperature whereby the major portion of the desired components is recovered.

Claims

1. In a process for the separation of a gas stream containing methane, C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components into a volatile residue gas fraction and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components or said C₃ components and heavier hydrocarbon components, in which process

(a) said gas stream is cooled under pressure to provide a cooled stream;

(b) said cooled stream is expanded to a lower pressure whereby it is further cooled; and

(c) said further cooled stream is directed into a distillation column and fractionated at said lower pressure whereby the components of said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered;

the improvement wherein following cooling, said cooled stream is divided into first and second streams; and

(1) said first stream is cooled to condense substantially all of it and is thereafter expanded to said lower pressure whereby it is further cooled;

(2) said expanded cooled first stream is thereafter supplied to said distillation column at a first mid-column feed position;

(3) said second stream is expanded to said lower pressure and is supplied to said distillation column at a second mid-column feed position;

(4) a vapor distillation stream is withdrawn from a region of said distillation column above said expanded second stream and is cooled sufficiently to condense at least a part of it, thereby forming a residual vapor stream and a condensed stream;

(5) at least a portion of said condensed stream is supplied to said distillation column at a top feed position;

(6) an overhead vapor stream is withdrawn from an upper region of said distillation column and is directed into heat exchange relation with said vapor distillation stream and heated, thereby to supply at least a portion of the cooling of step (4), and thereafter discharging at least a portion of said heated overhead vapor stream as said volatile residue gas fraction; and

(7) the quantities and temperatures of said feed streams to said distillation column are effective to maintain the overhead temperature of said distillation column at a temperature whereby the major portions of the components in said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered.

2. The process according to claim 1, wherein said gas stream in step (a) is cooled sufficiently to partially condense it;

and

(a) said partially condensed gas stream is separated thereby to provide a vapor stream and at least one liquid stream;

(b) said vapor stream is thereafter divided into said first and second streams; and

(c) at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream is expanded to said lower pressure and is supplied to said distillation column at a third mid-column feed position.

3. The process according to claim 2 wherein:

(a) said first stream is combined with at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream to form a combined stream, and said combined stream is cooled to condense substantially all of it and is thereafter expanded to said lower pressure whereby it is further cooled;

(b) said expanded cooled combined stream is thereafter supplied to said distillation column at said first mid-column feed position; and

(c) any remaining portion of said at least one liquid stream is expanded to said lower pressure and is supplied to said distillation column at said third mid-column feed position.

4. The process according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein

(1) a further vapor distillation stream is withdrawn from a region of said distillation column below said expanded second stream;

(2) said vapor distillation stream is combined with said further vapor distillation stream to form a combined distillation stream;

(3) said combined distillation stream is cooled sufficiently to condense at least a part of it, thereby forming said residual vapor stream and said condensed stream; and

(4) said overhead vapor stream is directed into heat exchange relation with said combined distillation stream and heated, thereby to supply at least a portion of the cooling of step (3), and thereafter discharging at least a portion of said heated overhead vapor stream as said volatile residue gas fraction.

5. The process according to claim 1, 2, or 3 wherein

(1) said condensed stream is divided into at least a first portion and a second portion;

(2) said first portion is supplied to said distillation column at said top feed position; and

(3) said second portion is supplied to said distillation column at a mid-column feed position below that of said expanded second stream.

6. The process according to claim 4 wherein

(1) said condensed stream is divided into at least a first portion and a second portion;

(2) said first portion is supplied to said distillation column at said top feed position; and

(3) said second portion is supplied to said distillation column at a mid-column feed position, said mid-column feed position being in substantially the same region wherein said further vapor distillation stream is withdrawn.

7. In an apparatus for the separation of a gas stream containing methane, C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components into a volatile residue gas fraction and a relatively less volatile fraction containing a major portion of said C₂ components, C₃ components, and heavier hydrocarbon components or said C₃ components and heavier hydrocarbon components, in said apparatus there being

(a) a first cooling means to cool said gas under pressure connected to provide a cooled stream under pressure;

(b) a first expansion means connected to receive at least a portion of said cooled stream under pressure and to expand it to a lower pressure, whereby said stream is further cooled; and

(c) a distillation column connected to receive said further cooled stream, said distillation column being adapted to separate said further cooled stream into an overhead vapor stream and said relatively less volatile fraction;

the improvement wherein said apparatus includes

(1) dividing means connected to said first cooling means to receive said cooled stream and to divide it into first and second streams;

(2) second cooling means connected to said dividing means to receive said first stream and to cool it sufficiently to substantially condense it;

(3) second expansion means connected to said second cooling means to receive said substantially condensed first stream and to expand it to said lower pressure, said second expansion means being further connected to said distillation column to supply said expanded cooled first stream to said distillation column at a first mid-column feed position;

(4) said first expansion means being connected to said dividing means to receive said second stream and to expand it to said lower pressure, said first expansion means being further connected to either said distillation column to supply said expanded second stream to said distillation column at a second mid-column feed position;

(5) vapor withdrawing means connected to said distillation column to receive a vapor distillation stream from a region of said distillation column above said expanded second stream;

(6) heat exchange means connected to said vapor withdrawing means to receive said vapor distillation stream and cool it sufficiently to condense at least a part of it;

(7) separating means connected to said heat exchange means to receive said partially condensed distillation stream and separate it, thereby forming a residual vapor stream and a condensed stream, said separating means being further connected to said distillation column to supply at least a portion of said condensed stream to said distillation column at a top feed position;

(8) said distillation column being further connected to said heat exchange means to direct at least a portion of said overhead vapor stream separated therein into heat exchange relation with said vapor distillation stream and heat said overhead vapor stream, thereby to supply at least a portion of the cooling of step (6), and thereafter discharging at least a portion of said heated overhead vapor stream as said volatile residue gas fraction; and

(9) control means adapted to regulate the quantities and temperatures of said feed streams to said distillation column to maintain the overhead temperature of said distillation column at a temperature whereby the major portions of the components in said relatively less volatile fraction are recovered.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7 where said apparatus includes

(a) said first cooling means being adapted to cool said feed gas under pressure sufficiently to partially condense it;

(b) further separating means connected to said first cooling means to receive said partially condensed feed and to separate it into a vapor stream and at least one liquid stream;

(c) said dividing means connected to said further separating means to receive said vapor stream and to divide it into said first and second streams; and

(d) third expansion means connected to said further separating means to receive at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream and to expand it to said lower pressure, said third expansion means being further connected to said distillation column to supply said expanded liquid stream to said distillation column at a third mid-column feed position.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8 wherein

(a) combining means connected to said dividing means and said further separating means to receive said first stream and at least a portion of said at least one liquid stream and form a combined stream;

(b) said second cooling means connected to said combining means to receive said combined stream and to cool it sufficiently to substantially condense it;

(c) said second expansion means connected to said second cooling means to receive said substantially condensed combined stream and to expand it to said lower pressure, said second expansion means being further connected to said distillation column to supply said expanded cooled combined stream to said distillation column at a said first mid-column feed position; and

(d) said third expansion means being connected to said second separating means to receive any remaining portion of said at least one liquid stream and to expand it to said lower pressure, said third expansion means being further connected to said distillation column to supply said expanded liquid stream to said distillation column at said third mid-column feed position.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8 wherein

(a) a further vapor withdrawing means is connected to said distillation column to receive a further vapor distillation stream from a region of said distillation column below said expanded second stream;

(b) a combining means is connected to said vapor withdrawing means and said further vapor withdrawing means to receive said vapor distillation stream and said further vapor distillation stream and form a combined distillation stream;

(c) said heat exchange means is adapted to be connected to said combining means to receive said combined distillation stream and cool it sufficiently to condense at least a part of it; and

(d) said separating means is adapted to receive said partially condensed combined distillation stream from said heat exchange means and separate it, thereby forming said residual vapor stream and said condensed stream.

11. The apparatus according to claim 7, 8 or 9 wherein

(a) a further dividing means is connected to said separating means to receive said condensed stream and divide it into at least a first portion and a second portion;

(b) said distillation column is adapted to be connected to said further dividing means to receive said first portion at said top feed position; and

(c) said distillation column is further adapted to be connected to said further dividing means to receive said second portion at a mid-column feed position below that of said expanded second stream.

12. The apparatus according to claim 10 wherein

(a) a further dividing means is connected to said separating means to receive said condensed stream and divide it into at least a first portion and a second portion;

(b) said distillation column is adapted to be connected to said further dividing means to receive said first portion at said top feed position; and

(c) said distillation column is further adapted to be connected to said further dividing means to receive said second portion at a mid-column feed position said mid-column feed position being in substantially the same region wherein said further vapor distillation stream is withdrawn.