Continuous beamforming for a MIMO-OFDM system

• US 8,923,785 B2
• Filed: 02/03/2005
• Issued: 12/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Howard, Steven J., Walton, Jay Rodney, Wallace, Mark S.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sobutka, Philip
• Application Number:
  US11/050,897
• Publication Number:
  US 20050265275A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,617 Days
• Field of Search: 370/343, 370/334, 370/208, 370/210, 375/267, 375/299, 375/260, 455/562.1, 455/101, 455/273, 455/275, 455/276.1
• US Class Current: 455/103
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0408 using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0417 Feedback systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0617 for beam forming
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0626 Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0671 using different delays between antennas

Abstract

A transmitting entity performs spatial processing on data symbols for each subband with an eigenmode matrix, a steering matrix, or an identity matrix to obtain spatially processed symbols for the subband. The data symbols may be sent on orthogonal spatial channels with the eigenmode matrix, on different spatial channels with the steering matrix, or from different transmit antennas with the identity matrix. The transmitting entity further performs beamforming on the spatially processed symbols, in the frequency domain or time domain, prior to transmission from the multiple transmit antennas. A receiving entity performs the complementary processing to recover the data symbols sent by the transmitting entity. The receiving entity may derive a spatial filter matrix for each subband based on a MIMO channel response matrix for that subband and perform receiver spatial processing for the subband with the spatial filter matrix.

Claims

1. A method of transmitting data in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

performing spatial processing on data symbols for each of a plurality of frequency subbands to obtain spatially processed symbols for the frequency subband; and

performing beamforming on the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands prior to transmission from a plurality of antennas.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing spatial processing on the data symbols comprises

spatially processing the data symbols for each frequency subband with an eigenmode matrix to transmit the data symbols on orthogonal spatial channels of the frequency subband.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing spatial processing on the data symbols comprises

spatially processing the data symbols for each frequency subband with a steering matrix to transmit each of the data symbols on a plurality of spatial channels of the frequency subband.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing spatial processing on the data symbols comprises

spatially processing the data symbols for each frequency subband with an identity matrix.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing beam-forming on the spatially processed symbols comprises

performing beamforming in the frequency domain by multiplying the spatially processed symbols for each frequency subband with a beamforming matrix for the frequency subband.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the performing beam-forming on the spatially processed symbols comprises

performing beamforming in the time domain by applying different amounts of delay for the plurality of antennas.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

processing the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

circularly shifting the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples are obtained for the plurality of antennas, and wherein the plurality of sequences of time-domain samples are circularly shifted by different amounts.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform on spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a first sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna,

circularly shifting the first sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount selected for the antenna to obtain a second sequence of time-domain

samples for the antenna, wherein the beamforming is performed by the circular shifting of the first sequence for each antenna, and

repeating a portion of the second sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna to obtain an output sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

transmitting a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples from the plurality of antennas aligned in time.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

processing the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

linearly delaying the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

12. The method of claim 1, farther comprising:

performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform on spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a first sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna,

repeating a portion of the first sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna to obtain a second sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

delaying the second sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna, wherein the beamforming is performed by delaying the second sequence for each antenna.

13. The method of claim 1, farther comprising:

transmitting a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples from the plurality of antennas staffing at different times.

14. The method of claim 1, farther comprising:

applying linearly varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

15. The method of claim 1, farther comprising:

applying a different phase slope across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

16. The method of claim 1, farther comprising:

applying continuously varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:

determining the continuously varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna based on a function selected for the antenna.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the beamforming is adaptively performed and varies over time.

19. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

selecting different sets of beamforming matrices for the plurality of frequency subbands in different time intervals.

20. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

selecting different sets of delays for the plurality of antennas in different time intervals, each set of delays indicating the amount of delay for each of the plurality of antennas.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:

selecting the delays for each different set based on delays in a predetermined set.

22. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

varying the beamforming over each time interval.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein each time interval corresponds to a time duration with a pilot transmission suitable for channel estimation.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein each time interval corresponds to a predetermined number of symbol periods.

25. An apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

a spatial processor to perform spatial processing on data symbols for each of a plurality of frequency subbands and provide spatially processed symbols for the frequency subband; and

a beamformer to perform beamforming on the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands prior to transmission from a plurality of antennas.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the spatial processor spatially processes the data symbols for each frequency subband with an eigenmode matrix to transmit the data symbols on orthogonal spatial channels of the frequency subband.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the spatial processor spatially processes the data symbols for each frequency subband with a steering matrix to transmit each of the data symbols on a plurality of spatial channels of the frequency subband.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the spatial processor spatially processes the data symbols for each frequency subband with an identity matrix.

29. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the beamformer performs beamforming in the frequency domain by multiplying the spatially processed symbols for each frequency subband with a beamforming matrix for the frequency subband.

30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the beamformer performs beamforming in the time domain by applying different amounts of delay for the plurality of antennas.

31. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:

a modulator to transform the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and wherein the beamformer delays the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

32. The apparatus of claim 31, wherein the modulator provides a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples for the plurality of antennas, and wherein the beamformer delays the plurality of sequences of time-domain samples by different amounts of delay.

33. An apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

means for performing spatial processing on data symbols for each of a plurality of frequency subbands to obtain spatially processed symbols for the frequency subband; and

means for performing beamforming on the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands prior to transmission from a plurality of antennas.

34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the means for performing spatial processing on the data symbols comprises

means for spatially processing the data symbols for each frequency subband with an eigenmode matrix to transmit the data symbols on orthogonal spatial channels of the frequency subband.

35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the means for performing spatial processing on the data symbols comprises

means for spatially processing the data symbols for each frequency subband with a steering matrix to transmit each of the data symbols on a plurality of spatial channels of the frequency subband.

36. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the means for performing spatial processing on the data symbols comprises

means for spatially processing the data symbols for each frequency subband with an identity matrix.

37. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the means for performing beamforming on the spatially processed symbols comprises

means for performing beamforming in the frequency domain by multiplying the spatially processed symbols for each frequency subband with a beamforming matrix for the frequency subband.

38. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the means for performing beamforming on the spatially processed symbols comprises

means for performing beamforming in the time domain by applying different amounts of delay for the plurality of antennas.

39. The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising:

means for transforming the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

means for delaying the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

40. The apparatus of claim 39, wherein a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples are obtained for the plurality of antennas, and wherein the plurality of sequences of time-domain samples are delayed by different amounts of delay.

41. A method of receiving data in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

deriving a spatial filter matrix for each of a plurality of frequency subbands, the spatial filter matrix for each frequency subband including effects of spatial processing and beamforming performed on data symbols sent on the frequency subband; and

performing spatial processing on received symbols obtained from a plurality of antennas for each subband with the spatial filter matrix for the subband to obtain detected data symbols for the subband.

42. The method of claim 41, further comprising:

obtaining a channel response estimate for each of at least one frequency subband based on a pilot received via the plurality of antennas, wherein a plurality of spatial filter matrices are derived for the plurality of frequency subbands based on the channel response estimate obtained for the at least one frequency subband.

43. The method of claim 41, wherein the deriving the spatial filter matrix for each frequency subband comprises

deriving the spatial filter matrix for each subband based on a minimum mean square error (MMSE) technique.

44. The method of claim 41, wherein the deriving the spatial filter matrix for each frequency subband comprises

deriving the spatial filter matrix for each subband based on a channel correlation matrix inversion (CCMI) technique.

45. An apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

a controller to derive a spatial filter matrix for each of a plurality of frequency subbands, the spatial filter matrix for each frequency subband including effects of spatial processing and beamforming performed on data symbols sent on the frequency subband; and

a spatial processor to perform spatial processing on received symbols obtained from a plurality of antennas for each subband with the spatial filter matrix for the subband to obtain detected data symbols for the subband.

46. The apparatus of claim 45, further comprising:

a channel estimator to obtain a channel response estimate for each of at least one frequency subband based on a pilot received via the plurality of antennas, and wherein the controller derives a plurality of spatial filter matrices for the plurality of frequency subbands based on the channel response estimate obtained for the at least one frequency subband.

47. An apparatus in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, comprising:

means for deriving a spatial filter matrix for each of a plurality of frequency subbands, the spatial filter matrix for each frequency subband including effects of spatial processing and beamforming performed on data symbols sent on the frequency subband; and

means for performing spatial processing on received symbols obtained from a plurality of antennas for each subband with the spatial filter matrix for the subband to obtain detected data symbols for the subband.

48. The apparatus of claim 47, further comprising:

means for obtaining a channel response estimate for each of at least one frequency subband based on a pilot received via the plurality of antennas, wherein a plurality of spatial filter matrices are derived for the plurality of frequency subbands based on the channel response estimate obtained for the at least one frequency subband.

49. A memory unit having software codes stored thereon, the software codes executable by a processor for performing a method, the software codes comprising:

software codes for performing spatial processing on data symbols for each of a plurality of frequency subbands to obtain spatially processed symbols for the frequency subband; and

software codes for performing beamforming on the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands prior to transmission from a plurality of antennas.

50. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for processing the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

software codes for circularly shifting the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

51. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform on spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a first sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna,

software codes for circularly shifting the first sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount selected for the antenna to obtain a second sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, wherein the beamforming is performed by the circular shifting of the first sequence for each antenna, and

software codes for repeating a portion of the second sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna to obtain an output sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna.

52. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for transmitting a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples from the plurality of antennas aligned in time.

53. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for processing the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

software codes for linearly delaying the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

54. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for performing an inverse discrete Fourier transform on spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a first sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna,

software codes for repeating a portion of the first sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna to obtain a second sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

software codes for delaying the second sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna, wherein the beamforming is performed by delaying the second sequence for each antenna.

55. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for transmitting a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples from the plurality of antennas starting at different times.

56. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for applying linearly varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

57. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for applying a different phase slope across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

58. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for applying continuously varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

59. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for determining the continuously varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna based on a function selected for the antenna.

60. The memory unit of claim 49, the software codes further comprising:

software codes for varying the beamforming over each time interval.

61. A processor configured to execute instructions, the instructions comprising:

instructions to perform spatial processing on data symbols for each of a plurality of frequency subbands to obtain spatially processed symbols for the frequency subband; and

instructions to perform beamforming on the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands prior to transmission from a plurality of antennas.

62. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to process the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

instructions to circularly shift the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

63. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform on spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a first sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna,

instructions to circularly shift the first sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount selected for the antenna to obtain a second sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, wherein the beamforming is performed by the circular shifting of the first sequence for each antenna, and

instructions to repeat a portion of the second sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna to obtain an output sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna.

64. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to transmit a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples from the plurality of antennas aligned in time.

65. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to process the spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

instructions to linearly delay the sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna to achieve the beamforming.

66. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to perform an inverse discrete Fourier transform on spatially processed symbols for the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna to obtain a first sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna,

instructions to repeat a portion of the first sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna to obtain a second sequence of time-domain samples for the antenna, and

instructions to delay the second sequence of time-domain samples for each antenna by an amount of delay selected for the antenna, wherein the beamforming is performed by delaying the second sequence for each antenna.

67. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to transmit a plurality of sequences of time-domain samples from the plurality of antennas starting at different times.

68. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to apply linearly varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

69. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to apply a different phase slope across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

70. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to apply continuously varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna.

71. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to determine the continuously varying phase shifts across the plurality of frequency subbands for each antenna based on a function selected for the antenna.

72. The processor of claim 61, the instructions further comprising:

instructions to vary the beamforming over each time interval.