Upgrading column-based databases

• US 8,924,384 B2
• Filed: 08/04/2010
• Issued: 12/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 08/04/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: SAP SE
• Original Assignee: SAP AG (SAP SE)
• Inventors: Driesen, Volker, Eberlein, Peter
• Primary Examiner(s): Yen, Syling
• Application Number:
  US12/850,543
• Publication Number:
  US 20120036165A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,609 Days
• Field of Search: 707/703, 707/736, 707/758, 707/769, 707/781, 707791-793, 707/797, 707/801, 707/802, 707/999.1, 707/999.001
• US Class Current: 707/736
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/20 of structured data, e.g. relational data
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 16/217 Database tuning G06F16/2282 takes precedence; database performance monitoring G06F11/3409

Abstract

Techniques are described in which at least one column is added to a table in a column-based database that has a plurality of columns and table fields. A shadow-in-place upgrade of the column-based database can be performed that adds at least one new column to the database. Thereafter, access to the column-based database can be seamlessly enabled before, during, and after the upgrade through a plurality of views. The views define a subset of the fields in the database that are visible. Related apparatus, systems, techniques and articles are also described.

Claims

1. A method for implementation by one or more data processors, the method comprising:

enabling, by at least one data processor using a first view of a table, access to a column- based database having a plurality of columns, the first view of the table defining a first set of table fields encapsulating data within the table that is available for access;

modifying, by at least one data processor, the table to include at least one shadow column that is not included in the first set of table fields;

migrating, by at least one data processor, at least a portion of the data encapsulated in the first set of table fields to the at least one shadow column;

generating, by at least one data processor, a second view of the table, the second view defining a second set of table fields encapsulating data within the table that is available for access, the second set of table fields including table fields in the at least one shadow column from which data from the first set of table fields was migrated; and

enabling by at least one data processor, access to the database using the second view of the table,

wherein the table accesses data from a second database comprising a main data area, a delta data area, and an upgrade delta area, at least a portion of data in the main data area and the delta data area and the upgrade delta area being merged such that some data in the delta data area overwrites corresponding data in the main data area and some data in the upgrade delta area overwrites corresponding data in the delta data area.

2. A method as in claim 1, wherein the second view of the table fields excludes table fields from which data was migrated.

3. A method as in claim 1, wherein the column-based database is an insert-only database.

4. A method as in claim 3, wherein the table comprises a plurality of entries each having a timestamp.

5. A method as in claim 4, wherein migrating at least a portion of the data encapsulated in the first set of table fields comprises:

initiating, by at least one data processor, a procedure to iteratively advance through the entries in the table corresponding to the migrated data in a chronological order as specified by the corresponding timestamp and to compute, for each such entry, data to a field in the at least one shadow column based on data in a field in the first set of fields.

6. A method as in claim 5, wherein the procedure remains active until deleted or suspended.

7. A method as in claim 6, wherein the procedure advances through new entries within the first view in the table automatically upon the generation of each new entry.

8. A method as in claim 5, wherein the procedure only advances through entries in the main data area and the delta data area.

9. A method as in claim 8, wherein the main data area comprises data entries up to a first timestamp and wherein the delta data area comprises data entries having timestamps subsequent to the first timestamp.

10. A method as in claim 9, wherein the upgrade delta area comprises entries written by the procedure.

11. A method as in claim 10, wherein the delta data area is firstly merged into the main data area and the upgrade delta area is secondly merged into the main data area such that superfluous columns in the merged area are removed.

12. A method as in claim 11, wherein the entries written by the procedure in the upgrade delta area are assigned timestamps that include an offset so that such entries have timestamps more recent than timestamps of entries in the delta data area.

13. A method as in claim 1, wherein the at least one shadow column is used to broaden a column within the first view of the table to include at least one additional character.

14. An article of manufacture comprising:

computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable media, which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations comprising;

enabling access to a column-based insert-only database having a plurality of columns using a first view of a table, the first view of the table defining a first set of table fields encapsulating data within the table that is available for access;

modifying the table to include at least one shadow column that is not included in the first set of table fields, the shadow column being a hidden column;

migrating at least a portion of the data encapsulated in the first set of table fields to the at least one shadow column;

generating a second view of the table, the second view defining a second set of table fields encapsulating data within the table that is available for access, the second set of table fields including table fields in the at least one shadow column from which data from the first set of table fields was migrated; and

enabling access to the database using the second view of the table,

wherein the table accesses data from a second database comprising a main data area, a delta data area, and an upgrade delta area, at least a portion of data in the main data area and the delta data area and the upgrade delta area being merged such that some data in the delta data area overwrites corresponding data in the main area and some data in the upgrade delta area overwrites corresponding data in the delta data area.

15. An article as in claim 14, wherein the table comprises a plurality of entries each having a timestamp, wherein migrating at least a portion of the data encapsulated in the first set of table fields comprises:

initiating a procedure to iteratively advance through the entries in the table corresponding to the migrated data in a chronological order as specified by the corresponding timestamp and to compute, for each such entry, data to a field in the at least one shadow column based on data in a field in the first set of fields.

16. An article as in claim 15, wherein the procedure remains active until deleted or suspended;

and wherein the procedure advances through new entries within the first view in the table automatically upon the generation of each new entry.

17. An article as in claim 16, wherein the table comprises a main data area, a delta data area, and an upgrade delta area;

wherein the procedure only advances through entries in the main data area and the delta data area;

wherein the main data area comprises data entries up to a first timestamp and wherein the delta data area comprises data entries having timestamps subsequent to the first timestamp;

wherein the upgrade delta area comprises entries written by the procedure.

18. An article as in claim 17, wherein the delta data area is firstly merged into the main data area and the upgrade delta area is secondly merged into the main data area;

wherein the entries written by the procedure in the upgrade delta area are assigned timestamps that include an offset so that such entries have timestamps more recent than timestamps of entries in the delta data area.

19. An article as in claim 14, wherein the at least one shadow column is used to broaden a column within the first view of the table to include at least one additional character.

20. A method for implementation by one or more data processors, the method comprising:

adding, by at least one data processor, at least one column to a table in a column-based database, the table having a plurality of columns and table fields, the database accessing data from a second database comprising a main data area and a delta data area and an upgrade delta area, at least a portion of data in the second database being merged such that some data in the delta data area overwrites corresponding data in the main area and some data in the upgrade delta area overwrites corresponding data in the delta data area;

performing, by at least one data processor, a shadow-in-place upgrade of the column-based database, the upgrade adding at least one new column to the database; and

seamlessly enabling access, by at least one data processor, to the column-based database before, during, and after the upgrade through a plurality of views, the views defining that a subset of the fields in the database are visible.