Systems and methods for data compression and feature extraction for the purpose of disaggregating loads on an electrical network

• US 8,924,604 B2
• Filed: 04/11/2012
• Issued: 12/30/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 09/26/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Belkin International Incorporated (Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Belkin International Incorporated (Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.)
• Inventors: Yogeeswaran, Karthik, Maguire, Yael, Gillen-O'Neel, Charles, Joshi, Ameet V., Tantum, Stacy, Reynolds, Matthew S., Patel, Shwetak N.
• Primary Examiner(s): TSENG, CHENG YUAN
• Application Number:
  US13/444,505
• Publication Number:
  US 20130080092A1
• Time in Patent Office: 993 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 710/18
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/02 using a single network for simultaneous distribution of power at different frequencies; using a single network for simultaneous distribution of ac power and of dc power
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2203/5416 by adding signals to the wave form of the power source
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/54 Systems for transmission via power distribution lines

Abstract

Some embodiments concern a method of detecting usage of one or more electrical devices coupled to an electrical power line. An electrical power signal with a predetermined period is on the electrical power line. The one or more electrical devices place one or more noise signals on the electrical power line. The electrical power signal comprises the one or more noise signals. The method can include: using a data acquisition device to acquire first data about the electrical power signal on the electrical power line such that the acquiring of the first data is synchronized with the predetermined period of the electrical power signal; processing the first data to create frequency domain data; and applying a feature extraction algorithm to the frequency domain data to determine a transition of an electrical state of at least a first one of the one or more electrical devices. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Claims

1. A method of detecting electrical power usage of one or more electrical devices coupled to an electrical power line carrying an alternating current with a predetermined period, the one or more electrical devices place one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources on the electrical power line superimposed on the alternating current, the method comprising:

using a data acquisition device to acquire first data about the alternating current and the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources on the electrical power line such that the acquiring of the first data is synchronized with the predetermined period of the alternating current;

processing the first data to create frequency domain data; and

applying a feature extraction algorithm to the frequency domain data to determine a transition of an electrical power state of at least a first one of the one or more electrical devices,

wherein;

the transition of the electrical power state of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices comprises at least one of (1) a turning on of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices, (2) a turning off of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices, or (3) a varying of an amount of power consumed by at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

using the transition of the electrical power state of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices to determine a first electrical power usage by at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

using the frequency domain data to determine a first electrical power usage by at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein:

using the data acquisition device to acquire the first data comprises;

determining a zero crossing and the predetermined period of the alternating current; and

using the data acquisition device to sample the alternating current and the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources at a predetermined delay from the zero crossing of the alternating current to create two or more cyclostationary signals; and

the first data comprise the two or more cyclostationary signals.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the first data is cyclostationary with respect to the alternating current.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein:

using the data acquisition device to acquire the first data comprises;

determining when a zero crossing of the alternating current occurs;

determining the predetermined period of the alternating current;

using a timer of the data acquisition device to determine a time when to sample the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources and the alternating current such that the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources and the alternating current are sampled at a maximum and a minimum of a cycle of the alternating current; and

sampling the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources and the alternating current using the data acquisition device.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein:

processing the first data to create the frequency domain data comprises;

using a first processor to process the first data to create the frequency domain data;

applying the feature extraction algorithm comprises;

using the first processor to apply the feature extraction algorithm to the frequency domain data to determine the transition of the electrical power state of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices; and

the data acquisition device comprises the first processor.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

before applying the feature extraction algorithm, using the data acquisition device to apply a first compression algorithm to the frequency domain data to create compressed frequency domain data;

transmitting the compressed frequency domain data from the data acquisition device to a data processing device; and

using the data processing device to apply a first decompression algorithm to the compressed frequency domain data to decompress the frequency domain data.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein:

processing the first data to create the frequency domain data comprises;

using a first processor to process the first data to create the frequency domain data;

applying the feature extraction algorithm comprises;

using a second processor to apply the feature extraction algorithm to the frequency domain data to determine the transition of the electrical power state of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices;

the data acquisition device comprises the first processor; and

the data processing device comprises the second processor.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein:

applying the feature extraction algorithm comprises;

using the frequency domain data to identify one or more high frequency signatures in the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources and the alternating current; and

determining which of the one or more electrical devices has each of the one or more high frequency signatures; and

the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources comprise the one or more high frequency signatures.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein:

using the frequency domain data to identify one or more high frequency signatures comprises;

separating the frequency domain data into steady-state frequency domain data and transient frequency domain data;

identifying one or more high frequency steady-state signatures in the steady-state frequency domain data;

identifying one or more high frequency transient signatures in the transient frequency domain data; and

combining the one or more high frequency transient signatures and the one or more high frequency steady-state signatures into the one or more high frequency signatures.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the predetermined period of the alternating current is sixty Hertz.

21. The method of claim 1, wherein:

at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices comprises at least one of an electric motor, a switched-mode power supply, or an inductive electrical device.

13. A method of compressing one or more first data signals, the method comprising:

using one or more first processors to determine a zero crossing of the one or more first data signals, the one or more first data signals comprising an alternating current with a predetermined period and one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources superimposed on the alternating current, the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources produced by one or more electrical devices;

using the one or more first processors to determine a period of the one or more first data signals;

sampling the one or more first data signals at a predetermined delay from the zero crossing of the one or more first data signals to create two or more cyclostationary signals, the two or more cyclostationary signals are cyclostationary with the one or more first data signals;

using the one or more first processors to convert the two or more cyclostationary signals into frequency domain data; and

using the one or more first processors to apply a first compression algorithm to the frequency domain data to create compressed frequency domain data,

wherein;

the one or more distinguishable intrinsic noise sources are produced by the one or more electrical devices during a transition of an electrical power state of at least a first one of the one or more electrical devices; and

the transition of the electrical power state of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices comprises at least one of (1) a turning on of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices, (2) a turning off of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices, or (3) a varying of an amount of power consumed by at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein:

using the one or more first processors to convert the two or more cyclostationary signals comprises;

performing a fast Fourier transform to the two or more cyclostationary signals to create two or more traces.

15. The method of claim 13, further comprising:

after using the one or more first processors to apply the first compression algorithm, transmitting the compressed frequency domain data from a first electrical device to a second electrical device; and

using the second electrical device to apply a first decompression algorithm to the compressed frequency domain data to decompress the compressed frequency domain data,

wherein;

the first electrical device comprises the one or more first processors.

16. The method of claim 13, wherein:

the first compression algorithm comprises a JPEG 2000 compression algorithm.

17. An apparatus configured to detect a change in an electrical power state of one or more electrical devices, the one or more electrical devices are coupled to an electrical power infrastructure carrying an alternating current and generate distinguishable intrinsic noise on the electrical power infrastructure such that the distinguishable intrinsic noise is superimposed on the alternating current, the apparatus comprises:

a data acquisition device comprising at least one first processor and configured to acquire first data about the distinguishable intrinsic noise and the alternating current on the electrical power infrastructure such that the acquiring of the first data is synchronized with a predetermined period of the alternating current;

a processing module configured to run on at least one first processor of the data acquisition device and configured to use the first data to create frequency domain data; and

a feature extraction module configured to run on the at least one first processor of the data acquisition device and further configured to apply a feature extraction algorithm to the frequency domain data to determine a transition of an electrical power state of at least a first one of the one or more electrical devices,

wherein;

the transition of the electrical power state of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices comprises at least one of (1) a turning on of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices, (2) a turning off of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices, or (3) a varying of an amount of power consumed by at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices.

18. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:

a transition module configured to run on at least one of the at least one first processor of the data acquisition device or a second processor,

wherein;

the transition module is further configured to use the transition of the electrical power state of at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices to determine a first electrical power usage by at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices; and

the second processor is part of a data processing device.

19. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:

a transition module configured to run on at least one of the at least one first processor of the data acquisition device or a second processor,

wherein;

the transition module is further configured to use the frequency domain data to determine a first electrical power usage by at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices; and

the second processor is part of a data processing device.

20. The apparatus of claim 17, further comprising:

a compression module configured to run on the at least one first processor of the data acquisition device and further configured to apply a first compression algorithm to the frequency domain data to create compressed frequency domain data;

a remote data processing module configured to run on a second processor and further configured to apply a first decompression algorithm to the compressed frequency domain data to decompress the compressed frequency domain data; and

a communications module configured to transmit the compressed frequency domain data to the remote data processing module.

22. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein:

at least the first one of the one or more electrical devices comprises at least one of an electric motor, a switched-mode power supply, or an inductive electrical device.