Electro-optic displays, and methods for driving same

• US 8,928,562 B2
• Filed: 11/24/2004
• Issued: 01/06/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/25/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: E Ink Corporation (E Ink Holdings Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: E Ink Corporation (E Ink Holdings Incorporated)
• Inventors: Gates, Holly G., Zehner, Robert W., Albert, Jonathan D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Wang, Quan-Zhen
• Assistant Examiner(s): MA, CALVIN
• Application Number:
  US10/904,718
• Publication Number:
  US 20050122284A1
• Time in Patent Office: 3,695 Days
• Field of Search: 345/60, 345/107, 204/490
• US Class Current: 345/60
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133305 Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133308 Support structures for LCD panels, e.g. frames or bezels
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/133311 Environmental protection, e.g. against dust or humidity
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/13336 Combining plural substrates to produce large-area displays, e.g. tiled displays
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 2202/28 Adhesive materials or arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 3/1446 display composed of modules, e.g. video walls
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2300/026 Video wall, i.e. juxtaposition of a plurality of screens to create a display screen of bigger dimensions
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2310/0275 Details of drivers for data electrodes, other than drivers for liquid crystal, plasma or OLED displays, not related to handling digital grey scale data or to communication of data to the pixels by means of a current
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2320/041 Temperature compensation
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2330/021 Power management, e.g. power saving
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 2340/16 Determination of a pixel data signal depending on the signal applied in the previous frame
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/344 based on particles moving in a fluid or in a gas, e.g. electrophoretic devices electrophoretic devices per se G02F1/167
• CPC Class Codes: G09G 3/3453 based on rotating particles or microelements
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 29/4913 Assembling to base an electrical component, e.g., capacitor, etc.

Abstract

An electro-optic display includes an electro-optic medium, a pixel electrode for applying an electric field to the medium and a column electrode associated with the pixel electrode. To reduce power consumption, when it is necessary to change the voltage on the column electrode from a first value to a second value to change the optical state of the electro-optic medium, the column electrode voltage is first changed to a third value intermediate the first and second values to permit charge to flow to or from the column electrode, and thereafter the column electrode voltage is changed from the third voltage to the second voltage.

Claims

1. A method of driving an electro-optic display, the electro-optic display comprising:

a layer of an electro-optic medium;

a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed on one side of the layer of electro-optic medium and arranged in a two-dimensional array of rows and columns, each of the pixel electrodes being capable of applying an electric field to the electro-optic medium;

a plurality of column electrodes, each column electrode being associated with the pixel electrodes in one column of the two-dimensional array; and

a front electrode provided on the opposed side of the layer of electro-optic medium from the pixel electrodes,

the method comprising changing the voltage on one column electrode from a first value to a second value different from the first value, thereby causing at least one pixel electrode to cause a change in optical state of the electro-optic medium, wherein the voltage on said one column electrode is first changed from the first value to a third value intermediate the first and second values for a period sufficient to permit charge to flow to or from said one column electrode, and thereafter the voltage on said one column electrode is changed from the third value to the second value.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the first and second voltages are of opposite polarity and the third voltage is a ground voltage.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the third voltage is substantially equal to the arithmetic average of the first and second voltages.

4. A method according to claim 1 wherein the front electrode is held at a substantially constant voltage, and the third voltage is substantially equal to the voltage on the front electrode.

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the display further comprises a column driver connected to said one column electrode and arranged to apply the first, second and third voltages thereto, and voltage supply means arranged to supply at least two voltages to the column driver, and wherein the charge flowing to or from said one column electrode when the voltage on the common electrode is set to the third value does not pass through the voltage supply means.

6. A method according to claim 1 wherein the display further comprises a column driver connected to said one column electrode, the column driver having an OE input having on and off states, such that when the OE input is in its on state, the column driver can apply the first, second and third voltages to said one column electrode, but when the OE input is in its off state, the column driver can apply only the third voltage to said one column electrode, and wherein the method is effected by first setting the OE input to the off state, thereby causing the column driver to apply the third voltage to said one column electrode, and thereafter setting the OE input to its on state, thereby causing the column driver to apply the second voltage to said one column electrode.

7. A method according to claim 6 further comprising comparing an initial state of said one column electrode to a desired final state of said one column electrode and setting the OE input to its off state only if the two states of said one column electrode are different.

8. A method according to claim 1 wherein, when an image on the display is being rewritten, the initial voltage on each column electrode during one step of the rewriting process is compared with the final voltage on the column electrode during a subsequent step of the rewriting process, and the third voltage is applied only to the column electrodes for which the initial and final voltages differ.

9. A method according to claim 1 wherein the electro-optic display is an active matrix display having a plurality of row electrodes, each row electrode being connected to all the pixel electrode in one row of the two-dimensional array of pixel electrodes, such that each pixel electrode is uniquely defined by the intersection of one specific column electrode and one specific row electrode.

10. A method according to claim 1 wherein the electro-optic medium is a rotating bichromal member or electrochromic medium.

11. A method according to claim 1 wherein the electro-optic medium is a particle-based electrophoretic medium comprising a suspending fluid and a plurality of electrically charged particles held in the suspending fluid and capable of moving therethrough on application of an electric field to the suspending fluid.

12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the electrophoretic medium is an encapsulated medium having a continuous phase which separates the suspending fluid and the electrically charged particles into a plurality of discrete droplets.

13. A method according to claim 11 wherein the suspending fluid is gaseous.

14. Apparatus for driving an electro-optic display, the electro-optic display comprising:

a layer of an electro-optic medium;

a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed on one side of the layer of electro-optic medium and arranged in a two-dimensional array of rows and columns, each of the pixel electrodes being capable of applying an electric field to the electro-optic medium;

a plurality of column electrodes, each column electrode being associated with the pixel electrodes in one column of the two-dimensional array; and

a front electrode provided on the opposed side of the layer of electro-optic medium from the pixel electrodes,

the apparatus comprising;

a column driver capable of applying at least first, second and third voltages to each of the column electrodes, the first and second voltages differing from each other and the third voltage being intermediate the first and second voltages; and

logic means arranged to determine, for each of the column electrodes, when the column driver needs to change the voltage applied to a selected column electrode from the first voltage to the second voltage, and, when the need for such a change is detected, to cause the column driver to first apply the third voltage to the selected column electrode for a period sufficient to permit charge to flow to or from the selected column electrode, and thereafter to case the column driver to apply the second voltage to the selected column electrode.

15. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the first and second voltages are of opposite polarity and the third voltage is a ground voltage.

16. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the third voltage is substantially equal to the arithmetic average of the first and second voltages.

17. Apparatus according to claim 14 further comprising voltage supply means arranged to supply at least two voltages to the column driver, and wherein the logic means is arranged to cause the column to divert charge flowing to or from the selected column electrode when the voltage on the selected common electrode is set to the third value so that this charge does not pass through the voltage supply means.

18. Apparatus according to claim 14 wherein the column driver has an OE input having on and off states, such that when the OE input is in its on state, the column driver can apply the first, second and third voltages to the selected column electrode, but when the OE input is in its off state, the column driver can apply only the third voltage to the selected column electrode, and wherein the logic means is arranged to first set the OE input to the off state, thereby causing the column driver to apply the third voltage to the selected column electrode, and thereafter to set the OE input to its on state, thereby causing the column driver to apply the second voltage to the selected column electrode.

19. Apparatus according to claim 18 wherein the logic means is arranged to compare an initial state of the selected column electrode to a desired final state of the selected column electrode and to set the OE input to its off state only if the two states of the selected column electrode are different.

20. An electro-optic display comprising:

a layer of an electro-optic medium;

a plurality of pixel electrodes disposed adjacent one side of the layer of electro-optic medium and arranged in a two-dimensional array of rows and columns, each of the pixel electrodes being capable of applying an electric field to the electro-optic medium;

a front electrode disposed adjacent the layer of electro-optic medium on the opposed side thereof from the pixel electrodes;

a plurality of column electrodes, each column electrode being associated with the pixel electrodes in one column of the two-dimensional array; and

an apparatus according to claim 14, the column driver of the apparatus being arranged to control the voltages applied to the column and front electrodes.

21. An electro-optic display according to claim 20 wherein the electro-optic medium is a rotating bichromal member or electrochromic medium.

22. An electro-optic display according to claim 20 wherein the electro-optic medium is a particle-based electrophoretic medium comprising a suspending fluid and a plurality of electrically charged particles held in the suspending fluid and capable of moving therethrough on application of an electric field to the suspending fluid.

23. An electro-optic display according to claim 22 wherein the electrophoretic medium is an encapsulated medium having a continuous phase which separates the suspending fluid and the electrically charged particles into a plurality of discrete droplets.

24. An electro-optic display according to claim 22 wherein the suspending fluid is gaseous.