Apparatus and method for characterizing optical sources used with human and animal tissues

• US 8,929,973 B1
• Filed: 11/30/2007
• Issued: 01/06/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 10/24/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nervesense Ltd
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Webb, James S., Ralph, Heather A., Bendett, Mark P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chen, Tse
• Assistant Examiner(s): NGUYEN, HIEN NGOC
• Application Number:
  US11/948,912
• Time in Patent Office: 2,594 Days
• Field of Search: 600/476
• US Class Current: 600/476
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 18/203 applying laser energy to the outside of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00636 Sensing and controlling the application of energy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00779 Power or energy
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00988 Means for storing information, e.g. calibration constants, or for preventing excessive use, e.g. usage, service life counter
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0233 Optical standards
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0071 by measuring fluorescence emission
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0084 for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters A61B5/1459 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2009/00855 Calibration of the laser system
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/0628 including a radiation sensor
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/0622 Optical stimulation for exciting neural tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/067 using laser light

Abstract

Medical researchers use various optical devices for diagnosis, detection, treatment, and therapy. In some embodiments, they do not have the equipment necessary to determine how much light is emitted by the optical device or how far it penetrates tissue. The present invention provides for a method and apparatus for characterizing light from an optical device by using a tissue phantom. The method includes coupling light from an optical source into a device, transmitting the light through a tissue phantom, detecting a transmitted light, optionally electrically processing the detected output, and displaying the corresponding optical characterization. In some embodiments, the apparatus obtains input light from an optical source, and may include a tissue phantom, an optical detector, an electrical processing unit, and a display for displaying the corresponding optical characterization.

Claims

1. A method for characterizing an optical source comprising:

obtaining light from the optical source;

providing a tissue phantom having a light-input face and a light-output face opposite the light-input face, wherein the light-input face includes a first planar area;

at a first time, transmitting a portion of the light through a first volume of the tissue phantom that is located between the first planar area of the light-input face and the light-output face such that the light enters the first volume of the tissue phantom through the first planar area of the light-input face and the portion of the light that transmits through the first volume of the tissue phantom exits the first volume of the tissue phantom through a second planar area of the light-output face that is opposite the first planar area of the light-input face;

at the first time, receiving the transmitted light from the second planar area of the light-output face that is opposite the first planar area of the light-input face as a characterization of the portion of the light transmitted through the first volume of the tissue phantom, wherein the receiving of the transmitted light further comprises generating an electrical signal that characterizes the portion of the light transmitted through the first volume of the tissue phantom and electrically processing the electrical signal; and

displaying a representation of the characterization associated with the portion of the light transmitted through the first volume of the tissue phantom, wherein the displaying includes displaying a representation of the electrically processed characterization associated with the portion of the light transmitted through the first volume of the tissue phantom, wherein the displaying includes displaying an iso-intensity map of the transmitted light, wherein the first area of the light-input face of the first volume on the tissue phantom is not parallel to the light-output face of the first volume opposite the first area, such that there is a continuously varying thickness between the first area of the light-input face and the light-output face opposite the first area, and wherein the thickness varies at a constant rate.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing of the tissue phantom includes providing a plurality of side-by-side volumes of the tissue phantom including the first volume and a second volume, wherein the first volume of the tissue phantom has a first thickness between the first area of the light-input face and the light-output face opposite the first area, wherein the method further includes

at a second time, transmitting a portion of the light through a second volume of the tissue phantom that is located between a second area of the light-input face and the light-output face such that the light enters the second volume of the tissue phantom through the second area of the light-input face and the portion of the light that transmits through the second volume of the tissue phantom exits the second volume of the tissue phantom through an area of the light-output face that is opposite the second area of the light-input face;

and

at the second time, receiving the transmitted light from the area of the light-output face that is opposite the second area of the light-input face as a characterization of the portion of the light transmitted through the second volume of the tissue phantom, wherein a plane of the second area of the light-input face is parallel to a plane of the light-output face that is opposite the second area of the light-input face, and wherein the second area of the tissue phantom has a second thickness between the light-input face of the second area and the opposite light-output face of the second area, and wherein the second thickness is different than the first thickness.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the providing of the tissue phantom includes providing a plurality of side-by-side volumes of the tissue phantom including the first volume and a second volume, wherein the first volume of the tissue phantom has a material between the first area of the light-input face and the light-output face opposite the first area representing a first tissue type, wherein the method further includes

at a second time, transmitting a portion of the light through a second volume of the tissue phantom that is located between a second area of the light-input face and the light-output face such that the light enters the second volume of the tissue phantom through the second area of the light-input face and the portion of the light that transmits through the second volume of the tissue phantom exits the second volume of the tissue phantom through an area of the light-output face that is opposite the second area of the light-input face;

and

at the second time, receiving the transmitted light from the area of the light-output face that is opposite the second area of the light-input face as a characterization of the portion of the light transmitted through the second volume of the tissue phantom, wherein a plane of the second area of the light-input face is parallel to a plane of the light-output face opposite the second area, wherein the second volume of the tissue phantom has a material between the light-input face of the second volume and the opposite light-output face of the second volume representing a second tissue type, and wherein the second tissue type is different than the first tissue type.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmitted light corresponds to a pattern that simulates a pattern that would occur if the light were used to stimulate an animal tissue.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the displaying includes displaying a plurality of different characteristics of the transmitted light.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the displaying includes displaying a plurality of different characteristics of the transmitted light along each of a plurality of different transverse axes.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the displaying includes displaying a numeric representation of an intensity of the transmitted light.

8. An apparatus for characterizing an optical source comprising:

a first port configured to receive light from the optical source;

a tissue phantom having a light-input face and a light-output face opposite the light input face, wherein the light-input face includes a first planar area, wherein the tissue phantom is positioned such that, at a first time, a portion of the light passes through a first volume of the tissue phantom such that the light enters the first volume of the tissue phantom through the first planar area of the light-input face and the portion of the light that transmits through the first volume of the tissue phantom exits the first volume of the tissue phantom through a second planar area of the light-output face that is opposite the first planar area of the light-input face;

an optical detector operatively coupled to receive the portion of the light that passed through the first volume of the tissue phantom at a first time, and operable to generate a signal representing a characteristic of the light received by the optical detector;

an electrical processing unit operatively coupled to receive the signal from the optical detector and operable to generate displayable information based on the signal; and

a display operatively coupled to the electrical processing unit and configured to display the displayable information, wherein the displayable information further comprises an iso-intensity map of the light received by the optical detector, wherein the first area of the light-input face of the first volume of the tissue phantom is not parallel to the light-output face of the first volume opposite the first area, such that there is a continuously varying thickness between the first area of the light-input face and the light-output face opposite the first area, wherein the thickness varies at a constant rate.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the light-input face of the tissue phantom further comprises a plurality of side-by-side planar areas including the first planar area and a second planar area, wherein the first volume of the tissue phantom has a first thickness between the first area of the light-input face and the light-output face opposite the first area, wherein a plane of the second planar area is parallel to a plane of the light-output face opposite the second area of the light-input face, wherein a second volume of the tissue phantom has a second thickness between the second area of the light-input face and the light-output face opposite the second planar area, and wherein the second thickness is different than the first thickness.

10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the tissue phantom further comprises a plurality of side-by-side volumes including the first volume and a second volume, wherein the first volume of the tissue phantom has a material between the first area of the light-input face and the light-output face opposite the first area that represents a first tissue type, wherein a plane of a light-input face of the second area is parallel to a plane of a light-output face of the second area that is opposite the light-input face of the second volume, wherein the second volume of the tissue phantom has a material between the second area of the light-input face of the second volume and the light-output face opposite the second area that represents a second tissue type, and wherein the second tissue type is different than the first tissue type.

11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the displayable information further comprises a numeric representation of an intensity of the light received by the optical detector.

12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the displayable information further comprises a graph of light intensity along a cross-section of the light received by the optical detector.