Network distributed quantum random number generation

• US 8,930,429 B2
• Filed: 02/24/2012
• Issued: 01/06/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 08/27/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ID Quantique SA
• Original Assignee: Universite libre de Bruxelles
• Inventors: Cerf, Nicolas, Lamoureux, Louis-Philippe, Niset, Julien
• Primary Examiner(s): MALZAHN, DAVID H
• Application Number:
  US13/404,156
• Publication Number:
  US 20120221615A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,047 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 708/255
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 7/588 Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/065 Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems, RC4, SEAL or A5/3
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 9/0852 Quantum cryptography transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. light, infrared H04B10/00; wavelength-division multiplex systems H04J14/02; WDM arrangements H04J14/03

Abstract

A quantum random number generation system includes a source of light output as a plurality of coherent states such that each state has an indeterminate number of photons, a photodetector arranged to receive the light output from the light source and to generate a photocurrent dependent on the number of photons in each coherent state, and processing circuitry connected to receive the photocurrent and arranged to convert it to generate a sequence of random numbers.

Claims

1. A quantum random number generation system comprising:

a source of light output as a plurality of coherent states such that each state has an indeterminate number of photons;

a photodetector arranged to receive the light output from the light source and to generate a photocurrent dependent on the number of photons in each coherent state; and

processing circuitry connected to receive the photocurrent and arranged to convert it to generate a sequence of random numbers.

2. A random number generation system according to claim 1, wherein the photodetector comprises a photodiode.

3. A random number generation system according to claim 1, wherein the coherent states are excited such that the variance in the photocurrent arising from the quantum fluctuations of the number of photons in each coherent state exceeds variances from other sources in the system.

4. A random number generation system according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry comprises a comparator arranged to receive the photocurrent and processing electronics for processing the digital output of the comparator to generate said sequence of random numbers.

5. A random number generation system according to claim 1, wherein the source of light comprises a laser generating a coherent state.

6. A random number generation system according to claim 5, wherein the laser is caused to operate at greater than four times its excitation threshold.

7. A network comprising a plurality of interconnected nodes and a random number generation system according to claim 1 arranged to supply the sequence of random numbers for safeguarding information in the network.

8. A network according to claim 7, wherein the sequence of random numbers is supplied in a data link layer of a network protocol.

9. A random number generation system according to claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry comprises an analogue to digital converter arranged to receive the photocurrent and processing electronics for processing the digital output of the analogue to digital converter in a digitization process to generate said sequence of random numbers.

10. A random number generation system according to claim 9, wherein the photodetector has an efficiency such that the ratio of quantum noise to the photodetector thermal noise be high enough to guarantee that the digitization decision process be based on the quantum fluctuations of a coherent state.

11. A random number generation system according to claim 1, comprising a network link for providing the sequence of random numbers to a network.

12. A random number generation system according to claim 11, wherein the network link operates at a data link layer of a network protocol.

13. A method of generating random numbers comprising:

outputting a plurality of excited coherent states from a source of light, the coherent states excited such that each state has an indeterminate number of photons;

receiving the light output at a photodetector and generating a photocurrent by the photodetector, said photocurrent having a variance dependent on the number of photons in each coherent state; and

using the photocurrent at processing circuitry to generate a sequence of random numbers.

14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the step of outputting a plurality of excited coherent states comprises operating a laser.

15. A method according to claim 13, wherein the step of using the photocurrent to generate a sequence of random numbers comprises supplying the photocurrent to an analog to digital converter or a comparator of the processing circuitry to generate an output, and supplying the output to processing electronics of the processing circuitry to generate said sequence of random numbers.

16. A method according to claim 13, wherein the generated random numbers are exploited within a network.