Q-switched oscillator seed-source for MOPA laser illuminator method and apparatus

• US 8,934,509 B2
• Filed: 11/22/2010
• Issued: 01/13/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/23/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Lockheed Martin Corporation (Martin Marietta Corporation)
• Inventors: Savage-Leuchs, Matthias P., Dilley, Christian E., Lemaire, Charles A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Zhang, Yuanda
• Application Number:
  US12/952,190
• Publication Number:
  US 20110122895A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,513 Days
• Field of Search: 372/6, 372/10, 372/12, 372/13
• US Class Current: 372/10
• CPC Class Codes: B60Q 1/0076 Switches therefor B60Q1/1446, B60Q1/343, B60Q1/40 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 2301/03 Suppression of nonlinear conversion, e.g. specific design to suppress for example stimulated brillouin scattering [SBS], mainly in optical fibres in combination with multimode pumping
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06704 Housings; Packages
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06712 Polarising fibre; Polariser
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06716 Fibre compositions per se C03C13/04or doping with active elements lasing materials in general H01S3/14
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0675 Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06758 Tandem amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/06791 Fibre ring lasers fibre laser gyrometers G01C19/72
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094003 the pumped medium being a fibre
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094011 with bidirectional pumping, i.e. with injection of the pump light from both two ends of the fibre
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/094053 Fibre coupled pump, e.g. delivering pump light using a fibre or a fibre bundle
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/0941 of a laser diode
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/1022 by controlling the optical pumping
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/113 using intracavity saturable absorbers
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/115 using intracavity electro-optic devices
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/127 Plural Q-switches
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 3/2316 Cascaded amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H01S 5/146 using a fiber as external cavity

Abstract

An apparatus, method and system that uses a Q-switched laser or a Q-seed source for a seed pulse signal having a controlled high-dynamic-range amplitude that avoids and/or compensates for pulse steepening in high-gain optical-fiber and/or optical-rod amplification of optical pulses. Optionally, the optical output is used for LIDAR or illumination purposes (e.g., for image acquisition). In some embodiments, well-controlled pulse shapes are obtained having a wide dynamic range, long duration, and not-too-narrow linewidth. In some embodiments, upon the opening of a Q-switch in an optical cavity having a gain medium, the amplification builds relatively slowly, wherein each round trip through the gain medium increases the amplitude of the optical pulse. Other embodiments use quasi-Q-switch devices or a plurality of amplitude modulators to obtain Q-seed pulses. These configurations provide optical pulses having wide dynamic ranges that ameliorate problems of pulse steepening, non-linear spectral broadening and the like in very-high-power MOPA devices.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

providing a first optical gain fiber having a first optical pump source;

generating a seed signal having a Q-switched-pulsed-laser temporal shape using the first optical gain fiber by optically switching using an M-by-N-way optical switch, where M is an integer having a value of at least one, and N is an integer having a value of at least two;

coupling pump light from the first optical pump source into the first optical gain fiber through the optical switch but not coupling laser feedback light through the optical switch when the optical switch is in a first connection state, wherein the generating of the seed signal includes coupling laser feedback light through the optical gain fiber and through the optical switch when the optical switch is in a second connection state;

providing a second optical gain fiber having a second optical pump source; and

amplifying the Q-switched pulsed-laser seed signal in the second optical gain fiber to obtain an output beam having an energy of at least one milliJoule (1 mJ).

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

providing a vehicle having an enclosure;

supplying electrical power;

using the electrical power, controlling and powering the pump source; and

controlling an output direction of the output beam in one of a plurality of different possible directions relative to the vehicle.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the seed signal having the Q-switched-pulsed-laser temporal shape includes optically amplitude-modulating a signal inside a uni-directional ring cavity.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the seed signal having the Q-switched-pulsed-laser temporal shape includes optically amplitude-modulating a signal inside a cavity that is implemented in a single package having a volume of no more than 6 cm³.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the seed signal having the Q-switched-pulsed-laser temporal shape includes generating an optical pulse having a full-width half-maximum (FWHM) duration of no more than five nanoseconds.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the amplifying of the Q-switched pulsed-laser seed signal includes outputting the output beam pulse with an energy of at least 4 milliJoules (mJ).

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the seed signal has a linewidth of at least 1 terahertz (THz), in order to reduce SBS problems.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

coupling pump light from the pump source to the optical gain fiber through the optical switch when the optical switch is in the first connection state.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the seed signal having the Q-switched-pulsed-laser temporal shape includes generating an optical pulse having a full-width half-maximum (FWHM) duration of between one and five nanoseconds, inclusive.

10. An apparatus comprising:

a Q-switched seed laser having a first pump source and a first optical gain fiber configured to output a Q-switched pulsed-laser seed signal, wherein the Q-switched seed laser includes a first optical gain fiber and an M-by-N-way optical switch, where M is an integer having a value of at least one, and N is an integer having a value of at least two, wherein the optical switch couples pump light from the first optical pump source into the first optical gain fiber through the optical switch but does not couple laser feedback light through the optical switch when the optical switch is in a first connection state, and wherein the optical switch couples laser feedback light through the first optical gain fiber and through the optical switch when the optical switch is in a second connection state; and

a second optical gain fiber having a second optical pump source and operatively coupled to receive light from the Q-switched seed laser and operatively configured to amplify the Q-switched pulsed-laser seed signal in the second optical gain fiber to obtain an output beam having an energy of at least one milliJoule (1 mJ).

11. The apparatus of claim 10, further comprising:

a vehicle having an enclosure;

an electrical power supply attached to the vehicle;

a laser controller operatively coupled to receive electrical power from the electrical power supply and operably coupled to power and control the first pump source; and

a beam-direction controller operably coupled to receive the output beam from the second optical gain fiber and operable to direct the output beam in one of a plurality of different possible directions relative to the vehicle.

12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the Q-switched seed laser includes an optical amplitude-modulator operatively configured to amplitude modulate a signal inside a uni-directional ring cavity.

13. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the Q-switched seed laser is implemented in a single package having a volume of no more than six (6) cm³.

14. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the Q-switched seed laser generates an optical pulse having an FWHM duration of between one and five nanoseconds, inclusive.

15. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the output beam pulse has an energy of at least 4 milliJoules (mJ).

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the seed signal has a linewidth of at least 1 terahertz (THz), in order to reduce SBS problems.

17. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the optical switch couples pump light from the first pump source to the first optical gain fiber through the optical switch when the optical switch is in a first connection state.

18. An apparatus comprising:

a pulsed Q-seed source having a light source configured to output a Q-seed signal pulse having a temporal shape that, for at least the leading edge of the Q-seed signal pulse, substantially matches a temporal shape of a leading edge of a Q-switched laser pulse, wherein the pulsed Q-seed source includes a Q-switched laser that includes a gain medium within a lasing cavity, a first optical pump source, and a 1×

N electrically controlled optical switch as a Q-switch in the cavity where N is at least two, wherein the optical switch includes a first state that optically couples pump light from the first optical pump source to the gain medium while blocking signal lasing in the cavity and a second state that permits signal lasing in the cavity; and

an optical gain fiber having a second pump source and operatively coupled to the pulsed Q-seed source and configured to amplify the Q-seed signal pulse in the optical gain fiber to obtain an output beam having an energy of at least one milliJoule (1 mJ).

19. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising:

a vehicle having an enclosure;

an electrical power supply attached to the vehicle;

a laser controller operatively coupled to receive electrical power from the electrical power supply and operably coupled to power and control the first pump source; and

a beam-direction controller operably coupled to receive the output beam from the optical gain fiber and operable to direct the output beam in one of a plurality of different possible directions relative to the vehicle.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the seed signal has a linewidth of at least 1 terahertz (THz), in order to reduce SBS problems.

21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the Q-switched laser includes a uni-directional ring cavity.

22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the Q-switched laser includes a lasing cavity configured as a two-reflector linear laser.

23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the Q-switched laser is implemented in a single package having a volume of no more than six (6) cm³.

24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the output beam has an energy of at least 4 milliJoules (mJ).

27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the 1×

N optical switch is a 1×

3 electrically controlled optical switch.

25. An apparatus comprising:

a Q-switched laser that includes a gain medium within a lasing cavity, an optical pump source, and a 1×

N electrically controlled optical switch as a Q-switch in the cavity, wherein the optical switch has a plurality of states including a first state that optically couples light from the optical pump source to the gain medium while blocking signal lasing in the cavity and a second state that permits signal lasing in the cavity while blocking pump light from entering the cavity.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the 1×

N optical switch is a 1×

2 electrically controlled optical switch.

28. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising:

an optical gain fiber operatively coupled to receive a Q-switched laser pulse from the Q-switched laser;

wherein the optical gain fiber is configured to amplify the Q-switched laser pulse in the optical gain fiber to obtain an output beam having an energy of at least one milliJoule (1 mJ).

29. An apparatus comprising:

an optical gain fiber having an optical pump source;

means for generating a seed signal having a Q-switched-pulsed-laser temporal shape by coupling pump light from the pump source to the optical gain fiber when the means for generating is in a first optical-connection state and by coupling laser feedback light through the optical gain fiber when the means for generating is in a second optical-connection state; and

means for amplifying the Q-switched pulsed-laser seed signal in the optical gain fiber to obtain an output beam having an energy of at least one milliJoule (1 mJ).

30. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising:

a vehicle having an enclosure;

means for controlling and powering the pump source; and

means for controlling an output direction of the output beam in one of a plurality of different possible directions relative to the vehicle.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for generating the seed signal includes means for optically amplitude-modulating a signal inside a uni-directional ring cavity.

32. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for generating the seed signal includes means for optically amplitude-modulating a signal inside a cavity that is implemented in a single package having a volume of no more than six (6) cm³.

33. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for generating the seed signal includes means for generating an optical pulse having a full-width half-maximum (FWHM) duration of no more than 50 nanoseconds.

34. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for amplifying the Q-switched pulsed-laser seed signal includes means for outputting the output beam pulse with an energy of at least 4 mJ.

35. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for generating the seed signal generates the seed signal with a linewidth of at least 1 terahertz (THz), in order to reduce SBS problems.

36. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the means for generating the seed signal includes means for generating an optical pulse having a full-width half-maximum (FWHM) duration of between one and five nanoseconds, inclusive.