Optical stimulation therapy

• US 8,936,630 B2
• Filed: 11/22/2010
• Issued: 01/20/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/25/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Denison, Timothy J., Paralikar, Kunal, Munns, Gordon O., Santa, Wesley A., Cong, Peng, Nielsen, Christian S., Norton, John D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Thomson, William
• Assistant Examiner(s): Downey, John R
• Application Number:
  US12/951,766
• Publication Number:
  US 20110125077A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,520 Days
• Field of Search: 607/88, 607/92, 607/96, 607/100, 607/102
• US Class Current: 607/92
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2017/00084 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2018/00839 Bioelectrical parameters, e.g. ECG, EEG
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/086 Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] compatible leads
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/365 controlled by a physiological parameter, e.g. heart potential evoked response A61N1/371
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/0612 using probes penetrating tissue; interstitial probes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/0626 Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/063 comprising light transmitting means, e.g. optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2005/0651 Diodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/0601 Apparatus for use inside the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/062 Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/0622 Optical stimulation for exciting neural tissue

Abstract

Methods of delivering optical stimulation to a target tissue from an optical stimulation device are provided. One method comprises sensing a temperature at the optical stimulation device or proximate to the optical stimulation device, and adjusting the delivery of light to the target tissue based on the sensed temperature. Another method comprises delivering the light to the target tissue with an optical light guide and sensing bioelectric signals with a sense electrode, wherein the optical light guide and the sense electrode each comprise a material that produces substantially no induced current in an electromagnetic field. Another method comprises delivering light from a light source of an optical stimulation device to a window of the optical stimulation device, delivering the light from the window to an optical light guide optically connected to the window, and delivering the light to a target tissue via the optical light guide.

Claims

1. A method for delivering optical stimulation, the method comprising:

delivering light to a target tissue via an implanted optical stimulation device, wherein the implanted optical stimulation device comprises a therapy delivery module, the therapy delivery module comprising a light source and a controller that controls the light source to generate light;

sensing a temperature at the optical stimulation device or proximate to the optical stimulation device via a temperature sensor;

automatically ceasing, response to the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor rising above a threshold temperature, the delivery of light from the light source to the target tissue; and

automatically delivering, in response to the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor rising above the threshold temperature, electrical stimulation to the target tissue via at least one electrical stimulation electrode while the delivery of light to the target tissue is ceased.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein ceasing the delivery of light from the light source to the target tissue comprises ceasing the power supplied to the light source.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein ceasing the delivery of light from the light source to the target tissue comprises reducing the power supplied to the light source.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the threshold temperature comprises at least 2°

C. over a selected body temperature.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising reducing the delivery of light to the target tissue by at least adjusting at least one of a pulse rate of the light, a pulse width of the light, an amplitude intensity of the light, or a duty cycle of the light.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising transfecting a target tissue with a light-sensitive channel protein sensitive to light in a wavelength range, wherein delivering light to the target tissue comprises delivering light in the wavelength range.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing bioelectric signals associated with the delivery of light to the target tissue.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising initiating an alert in response to the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor rising above the threshold temperature.

9. A medical system comprising:

an implantable stimulation device comprising a therapy delivery module, the therapy delivery module comprising a light source and a controller that controls the light source to generate light, and an electrical stimulation source, wherein the controller controls the electrical stimulation source to deliver electrical stimulation;

an optical light guide configured to transmit the light from the light source to a target tissue;

at least one electrical stimulation electrode implantable proximate the target tissue to deliver the electrical stimulation from the electrical stimulation source to the target tissue;

a temperature sensor configured to sense a temperature of the implantable optical stimulation device or proximate the optical stimulation device,

wherein the controller of the therapy delivery module is configured to, in response to the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor rising above a threshold level, automatically cease the delivery of light to the target tissue and automatically control the electrical stimulation source to deliver the electrical stimulation to the target tissue via the at least one electrical stimulation electrode while the delivery of light to the target tissue is ceased.

10. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the controller of the therapy delivery module is configured to cease the delivery of light by controlling at least one of power supplied to the light source, a pulse rate of the light transmitted from the light source, a pulse width of the light transmitted from the light source, or duty cycle of the light source.

11. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the controller of the therapy delivery module is configured to reduce power supplied to the light source when the sensed temperature rises above the threshold temperature.

12. The medical system of claim 11, wherein the threshold temperature comprises at least 2°

C. over a selected body temperature.

13. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the therapy delivery module further comprises a fluid reservoir for storing a therapeutic agent.

14. The medical system of claim 9, further comprising a fluid delivery device configured to deliver a therapeutic agent, wherein the therapeutic agent transfects the target tissue with a light-sensitive channel protein sensitive to light in a wavelength range, wherein the light source is configured to deliver light in the wavelength range.

15. The medical system of claim 9, further comprising a sensing module configured to sense bioelectric signals associated with the delivery of light to the target tissue.

16. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to initiate an alert in response to the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor rising above the threshold temperature.

17. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the optical stimulation device comprises a housing enclosing the therapy delivery module.

18. The medical system of claim 17, wherein the housing encloses the temperature sensor.

19. The medical system of claim 17, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to sense the temperature of the optical stimulation device or proximate the optical stimulation device by at least sensing a temperature of the housing.

20. The medical system of claim 17, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to sense the temperature of the optical stimulation device or proximate the optical stimulation device by at least sensing a temperature outside the housing.

21. The medical system of claim 17, wherein the optical light guide is outside of the housing.

22. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the temperature sensor is configured to sense the temperature of the optical stimulation device or proximate the optical stimulation device by at least sensing a temperature of the light source.

23. The medical system of claim 9, wherein the controller of the therapy delivery module is configured to reduce the delivery of light to the target tissue by at least controlling the therapy delivery module to cease delivery of light to the target tissue.