Inflator-based fire suppression

• US 8,939,225 B2
• Filed: 10/07/2010
• Issued: 01/27/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 10/07/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Alliant Techsystems Incorporated (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Cox, Matthew A., Smith, Bradley W., Parkinson, David W.
• Primary Examiner(s): Reis, Ryan
• Application Number:
  US12/899,961
• Publication Number:
  US 20120085556A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,573 Days
• Field of Search: 169/9, 169/11, 169/12, 169/27, 169/35, 169/44, 169/46, 169/54, 169/70, 169/71, 169/72, 169/78, 169/84
• US Class Current: 169/72
• CPC Class Codes: A62C 5/006 Extinguishants produced by combustion
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 2021/26017 a cooling agent being added to the inflation fluid

Abstract

A fire suppression apparatus that includes a housing defining a first chamber containing a gas generant. The apparatus further includes an initiator operatively associated with the first chamber and in reaction initiating communication with the gas generant. The initiator, upon actuation, acts to ignite at least some of the gas generant to form gas. The housing further defines a second chamber adjacently disposed to the first chamber. The second chamber contains an endothermically-alterable material and a piston assembly including a piston. Upon actuation, the piston moves to expel at least a portion of the endothermically-alterable material from the second chamber such that the expelled endothermically-alterable material contacts and cools gas formed by the ignition of the gas generant. The housing further has at least one discharge opening to permit cooled gas to exit the housing. Corresponding or associated methods for suppressing a fire are also provided.

Claims

1. A fire suppression apparatus, comprising:

a housing comprising apertures adjacent an end thereof;

a plurality of longitudinally extending, mutually laterally spaced gas generant containers within the housing, each gas generant container comprising apertures between an interior and an exterior thereof and containing a quantity of gas generant;

ignition material within the housing adjacent a common end of the plurality of gas generant containers;

an initiator operatively associated with the ignition material adjacent an opposing end of the housing;

another housing longitudinally adjacent to the housing and in communication with the apertures adjacent the end of the housing, the other housing comprising a chamber defining a reservoir at an end thereof and a plurality of apertures through a sidewall thereof adjacent an opposing end thereof, the reservoir containing a quantity of a coolant material; and

a piston having a face in peripheral sealing contact with a mouth of the reservoir, wherein responsive to pressure of gas generated by combustion of the gas generant and in communication with the piston through the apertures of the housing, the piston is movable into the reservoir to expel at least a portion of the quantity of coolant material from the reservoir to contact and cool the pressurized gas.

2. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 1, wherein an exterior of the chamber and an interior of the another housing define an annular space therebetween laterally adjacent the plurality of apertures through the chamber sidewall, and the another housing comprises at least one discharge opening in communication with the annular space.

3. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 1, wherein the coolant material comprises at least one endothermically-alterable material.

4. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one endothermically-alterable material comprises a liquid that at least one of vaporizes and decomposes upon contact with the gas formed by the ignition of the gas generant to at least cool said gas.

5. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one endothermically-alterable material forms additional gas products upon contact with the gas formed by the ignition of the gas generant.

6. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 3, wherein the at least one endothermically-alterable material comprises water.

7. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 6, wherein the at least one endothermically-alterable material additionally comprises calcium chloride.

11. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 2, wherein the another housing is longitudinally extending and the at least one discharge opening is located to permit cooled gas to axially exit the housing.

13. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of apertures through the chamber sidewall is located to permit cooled gas to radially exit the another housing.

16. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reservoir additionally contains at least one active fire suppression compound to suppress fire upon contact therewith.

17. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 16, wherein the at least one active fire suppression compound is potassium acetate or at least one alkali metal bicarbonate.

8. A fire suppression apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

a housing at least in part defining a first chamber containing a quantity of gas generant disposed in a plurality of longitudinally extending, mutually laterally spaced perforated sleeves;

an initiator operatively associated with the first chamber and in reaction initiating communication with an igniter material adjacent a portion of the quantity of gas generant;

a second chamber located adjacent to and in communication with the first chamber, the second chamber comprising a plurality of apertures through a sidewall thereof and a reservoir longitudinally spaced from the plurality of apertures and containing a quantity of a coolant material; and

a piston assembly including a hollow piston in peripheral sealing contact with an interior surface of the reservoir, wherein the coolant material comprises at least one endothermically-alterable material, wherein responsive to pressure of a gas generated by combustion of the gas generant, the piston is movable into the reservoir to cause at least a portion of the quantity of coolant material to be expelled from the reservoir to contact and cool the pressurized gas.

9. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 8, additionally comprising a tortuous gas flow passage for gas flow communication from the first chamber to the at least one discharge opening.

10. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 9, wherein the tortuous gas flow passage comprises a plurality of gas flow turns.

14. The first suppression apparatus of claim 8, wherein the housing is longitudinally extending, an exterior of the second chamber and an interior of the housing laterally adjacent the plurality of apertures define an annular space, and further comprising at least one discharge opening is located to permit cooled gas within the annular space to axially exit the housing.

18. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 8, wherein the endothermically-alterable material comprises water and propylene glycol.

19. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 8, wherein the plurality of apertures are located to permit cooled gas to radially exit the housing therethrough.

12. A fire suppression apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

a housing at least in part defining a first chamber containing a quantity of gas generant;

an initiator operatively associated with the first chamber and in reaction initiating communication with at least a portion of the quantity of gas generant to ignite at least a portion of the quantity of gas generant to form gas;

a second chamber adjacently disposed to the first chamber, the second chamber containing a quantity of a coolant material and a piston assembly including a piston, wherein upon actuation, the piston is movable to expel at least a portion of the quantity of coolant material from the second chamber to contact and cool gas formed by the ignition of the gas generant; and

the housing further having at least one discharge opening to permit cooled gas to exit the housing and wherein the housing additionally at least in part defines a third chamber and wherein the second chamber is at least in part disposed within the third chamber, the third chamber containing a quantity of a thermally-stable heat sink material solid and a retainer device disposed internally adjacent the at least one discharge opening to retain the heat sink material solid within the third chamber upon exit of the cooled gas from the housing.

15. The fire suppression apparatus of claim 12, wherein the housing is longitudinally extending and the at least one discharge opening is located to permit cooled gas to axially exit the housing.