Battery heating circuits and methods using voltage inversion and freewheeling circuit components

• US 8,947,049 B2
• Filed: 01/24/2013
• Issued: 02/03/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/30/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: BYD Semiconductor Co., Ltd. (BYD Company Limited)
• Original Assignee: BYD Company Limited
• Inventors: Han, Yaochuan, Xu, Wenhui, Feng, Wei, Yang, Qinyao, Xia, Wenjin, Li, Xianyin
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Samuel
• Assistant Examiner(s): Robbins, Jerry D
• Application Number:
  US13/749,480
• Publication Number:
  US 20130134146A1
• Time in Patent Office: 740 Days
• Field of Search: 320/129
• US Class Current: 320/128
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2210/10 DC to DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0046 relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/0069 relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/27 by heating
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/615 Heating or keeping warm
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/625 Vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/6571 Resistive heaters arrangements for heating the battery by its resistance to the internal current H01M10/637
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0014 Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/158 including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility

Abstract

Certain embodiments of the present invention provide a battery heating circuit, comprising a switch unit 1, a switching control module 100, a damping component R1, an energy storage circuit, a freewheeling circuit 20, and an energy superposition unit; the energy storage circuit is configured to connect with the battery to form a loop, and comprises a current storage component L1 and a charge storage component C1; the damping component R1, the switch unit 1, the current storage component L1, and the charge storage component C1 are connected in series; the switching control module 100 is connected with the switch unit 1, and is configured to control ON/OFF of the switch unit 1, so as to control the energy flowing between the battery and the energy storage circuit; the energy superposition unit is connected with the energy storage circuit.

Claims

1. A circuit for heating a battery, the circuit comprising:

the battery including a first damping component and a first current storage component, the first damping component and the first current storage component being parasitic to the battery, the battery including a positive battery terminal and a negative battery terminal;

a switch unit;

a switching control component coupled to the switch unit;

a first charge storage component; and

an energy superposition unit connected across the first charge storage component;

a freewheeling circuit connected between the positive battery terminal and the negative battery terminal;

wherein;

the first damping component, the first current storage component, the switch unit, and the first charge storage component are connected to form at least a part of a loop;

the switching control component is configured to turn on the switch unit so as to allow a first current flowing from the battery to the first charge storage component and a second current flowing from the first charge storage component to the battery, and to turn off the switch unit;

the energy superposition unit is configured to, after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off, adjust a storage voltage associated with the first charge storage component so that a positive voltage terminal of the first charge storage component is coupled, directly or indirectly, to the negative voltage terminal of the battery; and

the freewheeling circuit configured to allow a freewheeling current to flow to the battery after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off;

wherein the circuit for heating the battery is configured to heat the battery by at least discharging the battery.

2. The circuit of claim 1 wherein:

the first damping component is a parasitic resistor of the battery; and

the first current storage component is a parasitic inductor of the battery.

3. The circuit of claim 2 wherein the first charge storage component is a capacitor.

4. The circuit of claim 3 wherein the energy superposition unit includes a polarity inversion unit coupled to the first charge storage component and configured to, after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off, invert a voltage polarity associated with the first charge storage component.

5. The circuit of claim 4 wherein the polarity inversion unit includes:

a first single-pole double-throw switch coupled to a first storage terminal of the first charge storage component; and

a second single-pole double-throw switch coupled to a second storage terminal of the second charge storage component;

wherein;

the first single-pole double-throw switch includes a first input wire, a first output wire, and a second output wire;

the first input wire is coupled, directly or indirectly, to one of the positive or negative battery terminals; and

the first output wire and the second output wire are coupled to the first storage terminal and the second storage terminal respectively;

wherein;

the second single-pole double-throw switch includes a second input wire, a third output wire, and a fourth output wire;

the second input wire is coupled, directly, or indirectly, to the other of the positive and negative battery terminals; and

the third output wire and the fourth output wire are coupled to the second storage terminal and the first storage terminal respectively;

wherein the switching control component is coupled to the first single-pole double-throw switch and the second single-pole double-throw switch, and is configured to invert the voltage polarity associated with the first charge storage component by altering connection relationships among the first input wire, the first output wire, the second output wire, the second input wire, the third output wire, and the fourth output wire.

6. The circuit of claim 4 wherein the polarity inversion unit includes:

a second current storage component;

a first switch; and

a first one-way semiconductor component connected between the first charge storage component and the second current storage component or between the second current storage component and the first switch;

wherein;

the first charge storage component, the first one-way semiconductor component, the second current storage component, and the first switch are at least parts of a polarity inversion loop; and

the switching control component is coupled to the first switch and is configured to invert the voltage polarity associated with the first charge storage component by turning on the first switch.

7. The circuit of claim 4 wherein the polarity inversion unit includes:

a second charge storage component; and

a first DC-DC module coupled to the second charge storage component and the first charge storage component;

wherein the switching control component is coupled to the first DC-DC module and configured to invert the voltage polarity associated with the first charge storage component by transferring energy from the first charge storage component to the second charge storage component and then transferring the energy from the second charge storage component back to the first charge storage component.

8. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the switch unit includes a two-way switch.

9. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the switch unit includes a first branch circuit for conduction in a first direction and a second branch circuit for conduction in a second direction, the first direction being from the positive voltage terminal of the battery to the first charge storage component, the second direction being from the first charge storage component to the battery.

10. The circuit of claim 9 wherein the switch unit further includes a resistor connected in series with at least the first branch circuit or the second branch circuit.

11. The circuit of claim 9 wherein the switching control component is coupled to the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit and configured to turn on and off the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit respectively.

13. The circuit of claim 1 wherein the switch unit includes:

a first two-way switch coupled to the switch control unit; and

a second two-way switch coupled to the switch control unit and connected in series with the first two-way switch;

wherein the switch control unit is further configured to turn on and off the first two-way switch and to turn on and off the second two-way switch.

14. The circuit of claim 1, and further comprising an energy consumption unit coupled to the first charge storage component and configured to consume energy stored in the first charge storage component after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off but before the storage voltage is adjusted by the energy superposition unit.

15. The circuit of claim 14 wherein the energy consumption unit includes a voltage control unit configured to regulate the storage voltage associated with the first charge storage component to a predetermined voltage after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off but before the storage voltage is adjusted by the energy superposition unit.

16. The circuit of claim 15 wherein the voltage control unit includes:

a second damping component; and

a first switch connected in series with the second damping component;

wherein the first charge storage component is connected in parallel with a combination of the second damping component and the first switch.

17. The circuit of claim 16 wherein the switching control component is further configured to turn on the first switch after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off.

18. The circuit of claim 1 wherein:

the freewheeling circuit includes a first switch and a first one-way semiconductor component connected in series with the first switch, the first switch being coupled to the switching control component; and

the switching control component is configured to;

turn on the first switch to allow the freewheeling current to flow to the battery after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off; and

turn off the first switch if the freewheeling current flowing to the battery reaches a predetermined magnitude.

19. The circuit of claim 1 wherein:

the freewheeling circuit includes a second charge storage component, a first one-way semiconductor component, and a second damping component in parallel with the first one-way semiconductor component,

the second charge storage component is in series with a combination of the first one-way semiconductor component and the second damping component.

20. The circuit of claim 1 is further configured to:

start heating the battery if at least one heating start condition is satisfied; and

stop heating the battery if at least one heating stop condition is satisfied.

12. A circuit for heating a battery, the circuit comprising:

the battery including a first damping component and a first current storage component, the first damping component and the first current storage component being parasitic to the battery, the battery including a first battery terminal and a second battery terminal;

a switch unit;

a switching control component coupled to the switch unit;

a first charge storage component, the first charge storage component and the first current storage component being at least parts of an energy storage circuit; and

an energy superposition unit coupled to the first charge storage component;

a freewheeling circuit connected between the first battery terminal and the second battery terminal;

wherein;

the first damping component, the first current storage component, the switch unit, and the first charge storage component are connected in series;

the switching control component is configured to turn on and off the switch unit so as to control a first current flowing between the battery and the first charge storage component;

the energy superposition unit is configured to, after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off, adjust a storage voltage associated with the first charge storage component so that a positive voltage terminal of the first charge storage component is coupled, directly or indirectly, to a negative voltage terminal of the battery; and

the freewheeling circuit configured to allow a freewheeling current to flow to the battery after the switch unit is turned on and then turned off;

wherein the circuit for heating the battery is configured to heat the battery by at least discharging the battery;

wherein the switch unit includes a first branch circuit for conduction in a first direction and a second branch circuit for conduction in a second direction, the first direction being from the positive voltage terminal of the battery to the first charge storage component, the second direction being from the first charge storage component to the battery;

wherein the switching control component is coupled to the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit and configured to turn on and off the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit respectively;

wherein;

the first branch circuit includes a first switch and a first one-way semiconductor component connected in series with the first switch, the first switch being coupled to the switching control component; and

the second branch circuit includes a second switch and a second one-way semiconductor component connected in series with the second switch, the second switch being coupled to the switching control component;

wherein the switching control component is configured to;

turn on and off the first branch circuit by turning on and off the first switch respectively; and

turn on and off the second branch circuit by turning on and off the second switch respectively.