Charging of vehicle battery based on indicators of impedance and health

• US 8,947,050 B2
• Filed: 03/11/2010
• Issued: 02/03/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/11/2010
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Gale, Allan Roy, Blakemore, Bruce Carvell, Momcilovich, Paul Theodore, Degner, Michael W.
• Primary Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, ARUN C
• Application Number:
  US12/721,607
• Publication Number:
  US 20110163722A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,790 Days
• Field of Search: 320/134
• US Class Current: 320/134
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/16 responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 31/392 Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0071 with a programmable schedule
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00712 the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/04 Regulation of charging current or voltage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A method for charging a battery may include determining a degradation condition of the battery based on impedance parameters of the battery, altering a default charge profile for the battery based on the degradation condition, and charging the battery with the altered charge profile.

Claims

1. A vehicle comprising:

a battery; and

at least one controller configured to

select a charge voltage and maximum current for the battery based on a rate of change of an impedance parameter of the battery indicative of battery age such that as the rate of change increases the selected charge voltage increases,

charge the battery at the selected charge voltage,

detect a sulphation condition of the battery based on a value of the impedance parameter falling within a predefined range of impedance parameter values, a value of a first health term of the battery, Health_Term_1, being less than a predefined range of first health term values, and a value of a second health term of the battery, Health_Term_2, being less than a predefined range of second health term values, and

in response to the sulphation condition, increase the selected charge voltage.

2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to detect a shorted cell condition of the battery based on the value of the impedance parameter falling within the predefined range of impedance parameter values, the value of the first health term of the battery being less than the predefined range of first health term values, and the value of the second health term of the battery falling within the predefined range of second health term values, and in response to the shorted cell condition, decrease the selected charge voltage.

3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to detect a dry out condition of the battery based on the value of the impedance parameter being less than the predefined range of impedance parameter values, the value of the first health term of the battery falling within the predefined range of first health term values, and the value of a second health term of the battery falling within the predefined range of second health term values, and in response to the dry out condition, increase the selected charge voltage and decrease the maximum current.

4. A method for charging a battery comprising:

selecting a charge voltage and maximum current for the battery based on a rate of change of an impedance parameter of the battery indicative of battery age such that as the rate of change increases the selected charge voltage increases;

charging the battery at the selected charge voltage;

detecting a shorted cell condition of the battery based on a value of the impedance parameter falling within a predefined range of impedance parameter values a value of a first health term of the battery, Health_Term_1, being less than a predefined range of first health term values, and a value of a second health term of the battery, Health_Term_2, falling within a predefined range of second health term values; and

in response to the shorted cell condition, decreasing the selected charge voltage.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising detecting a dry out condition of the battery based on the value of the impedance parameter being less than the predefined range of impedance parameter values, the value of the first health term of the battery falling within the predefined range of first health term values, and the value of the second health term of the battery falling within the predefined range of second health term values, and in response to the dry out condition, increasing the selected charge voltage and decreasing the maximum current.

6. The method of claim 4, further comprising detecting a sulphation condition of the battery based on the value of the impedance parameter falling within the predefined range of impedance parameter values, the value of the first health term of the battery being less than the predefined range of first health term values, and the value of a second health term of the battery being less than the predefined range of second health term values, and in response to the sulphation condition, increasing the selected charge voltage.

7. A vehicle comprising:

a battery; and

at least one controller configured to

select a set point voltage and set point current for the battery based on a rate of change of an impedance parameter of the battery indicative of battery age such that as the rate of change increases the set point voltage and set point current increases,

charge the battery at the set points,

detect a dry out condition of the battery based on a value of the impedance parameter being less than a predefined range of impedance parameter values, a value of a first health term of the battery, Health_Term_1, falling within a predefined range of first health term values, and a value of a second health term of the battery, Health_Term_2, falling within a predefined range of second health term values, and

in response to the dry out condition, increase the set point voltage.

8. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to detect the shorted cell condition of the battery based on the value of the impedance parameter falling within the predefined range of impedance parameter values, the value of the first health term of the battery being less than the predefined range of first health term values, and the value of the second health term of the battery falling within the predefined range of second health term values, and in response to the shorted cell condition, decrease the set point voltage.

9. The vehicle of claim 7, wherein the at least one controller is further configured to detect a sulphation condition of the battery based on the value of the impedance parameter falling within theft predefined range of impedance parameter values, the value of the first health term of the battery being less than the predefined range of first health term values, and the value of the second health term of the battery being less than the predefined range of second health term values, and in response to the sulphation condition, increase the set point voltage.