Hydrogen supply method and system

• US 8,950,419 B2
• Filed: 02/16/2012
• Issued: 02/10/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 02/16/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Oates, Rommel M., Dadebo, Solomon
• Primary Examiner(s): Fristoe, Jr., John K
• Assistant Examiner(s): REID, MICHAEL ROBERT
• Application Number:
  US13/398,482
• Publication Number:
  US 20130213479A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,090 Days
• Field of Search: 137/3, 137/4, 137/88, 137/93, 137/236.1, 405/53, 405/59
• US Class Current: 137/3
• CPC Class Codes: B65G 5/00 Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 1/007 Underground or underwater storage
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 13/02 Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment measuring in general G01
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/012 Hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/0123 gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/00 Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 1/00 Pipe-line systems conveying articles or materials through a pipe- line by means of a fluid carrier B65G51/00, B65G53/00; liquids B67D; special devices for transferring liquids from bulk storage containers into vehicles or boats or vice versa, e.g. loading or unloading vehicles or portable containers B67D7/00; conveying material which has been excavated by a dredger or soil shifter through a pipe-line E02F7/10; sewer pipe-line systems E03F3/00; thermal insulation of pipe-lines F16L59/00; central heating systems F24D
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 1/02 for gases or vapours
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 1/04 for distribution of gas
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 1/17 by mixing with another liquid , i.e. diluting
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 3/00 Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations
• CPC Class Codes: F17D 3/16 for eliminating particles in suspension from liquids by sedimentation B01D21/00; separation by filtration or otherwise B01D24/00 - B01D51/00; centrifugal apparatus B04
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 Hydrogen storage
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/34 Hydrogen distribution
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/45 Hydrogen technologies in production processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/0318 Processes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/0329 Mixing of plural fluids of diverse characteristics or conditions
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2509 By optical or chemical property
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/402 Distribution systems involving geographic features
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/7025 Pipe line transport
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/87676 : With flow control

Abstract

A method and system for supplying additional hydrogen from a reservoir of stored hydrogen in a salt cavern to a hydrogen pipeline to assist in meeting customer demand for hydrogen is provided. Contaminants introduced while the stored hydrogen stream is in the salt cavern may cause the crude hydrogen stream to not have the required product purity specification. The stored hydrogen is removed from the salt cavern as a crude hydrogen stream and thereafter diluted with higher purity hydrogen formed from the pipeline to form a hydrogen product stream at or below the product purity specification. The hydrogen product can be formed without removal of any of the contaminants in the crude stream, thereby creating a more cost effective and simplified supply process compared to conventional processes employing a salt cavern for hydrogen supply.

Claims

1. A method for supplying additional hydrogen to a hydrogen pipeline from a salt cavern to assist in meeting customer demand for hydrogen, said method comprising:

removing a crude hydrogen stream from the salt cavern at a first flow rate that will assist in meeting the customer demand, the crude hydrogen stream containing contaminants imparted by the salt cavern such that the crude hydrogen stream contains at least one of the contaminants at a level higher than that allowed by a product purity specification of the hydrogen in the pipeline;

withdrawing a portion of hydrogen from the hydrogen contained in the pipeline to form a hydrogen dilution stream when supply is less than demand, the hydrogen dilution stream containing each of the contaminants at a concentration less than that of the product purity specification;

mixing the hydrogen dilution stream with the crude hydrogen stream to dilute the crude hydrogen stream and thereby form a hydrogen product stream having lower levels of the contaminants than the crude hydrogen stream;

controlling a second flow rate of the hydrogen dilution stream such that the contaminants are present in the hydrogen product stream at or below the product purity specification; and

introducing at least part of the hydrogen product stream into the pipeline to supply the additional hydrogen to the pipeline.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of each of the contaminants within the hydrogen dilution stream is no greater than 80% of the product purity specification.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second flow rate of the hydrogen dilution stream is controlled by:

sampling concentration levels of the contaminants in the crude hydrogen stream to generate a first measurement of the concentration levels;

sampling concentration levels of the contaminants in the hydrogen dilution stream to generate a second measurement of the concentration levels;

utilizing the first measurement of the concentration levels and the second measurement of the concentration levels along with the first flow rate of the crude hydrogen stream to determine a calculated value of the second flow rate of the hydrogen dilution stream and a calculated value of concentration levels of contaminants in the hydrogen product stream by performing material balances for each of the contaminants in the crude stream that exceeds the product purity specification such that the calculated level of the contaminants in the hydrogen product stream will be at or below the product purity specification; and

regulating the second flow rate of the hydrogen dilution stream such that the second flow rate of the hydrogen dilution stream is at about the calculated value.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein integrity checks are performed to assess reliability of the first measurement of the concentration levels and the second measurement of the concentration levels.

5. The method of claim 3, further comprising:

sampling concentration levels of the contaminants in the hydrogen product stream to generate a third measurement of the concentration levels;

correcting the third measurement with a trailing bias value to generate a reconciled value;

determining deviations between the reconciled value and the calculated value of concentration levels of contaminants in the hydrogen product stream to generate model errors;

updating the trailing bias with the model errors for subsequent use of the trailing bias; and

exporting the product stream to the pipeline when the model errors are less than acceptable limits.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein

the stored hydrogen in the cavern is at a pressure that is above the pipeline pressure;

the stored hydrogen stream is removed from the salt cavern under impetus of the cavern pressure being higher than that of the pipeline pressure; and

the hydrogen dilution stream is compressed prior to the dilution of the crude hydrogen stream by the hydrogen dilution stream.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen product purity specification is at least about 99.99% hydrogen on a volume basis, the nitrogen and argon specification is less than about 100 ppmv, the carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide is less than about 1 ppmv, and each of the total hydrocarbons, oxygen, water vapor and hydrogen sulfide is less than about 1 ppmv.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein none of the contaminants contained in the crude hydrogen stream is removed prior to dilution by the hydrogen dilution stream.

9. A method for supplying additional hydrogen from a salt cavern to assist in meeting customer demand for hydrogen, said method comprising:

removing a crude hydrogen stream from the salt cavern at a first flow rate that will assist in meeting the customer demand, the crude hydrogen stream containing contaminants imparted by the salt cavern such that the crude hydrogen stream contains at least one of the contaminants at a level higher than that allowed by a product purity specification of the hydrogen;

withdrawing a portion of hydrogen from hydrogen contained in a pipeline to form a hydrogen dilution stream when supply is less than demand, the hydrogen dilution stream containing each of the contaminants at a concentration less than that of the product purity specification;

mixing the hydrogen dilution stream with the crude hydrogen stream to dilute the crude hydrogen stream and thereby form a hydrogen product stream having lower levels of the contaminants than the crude hydrogen stream; and

controlling a second flow rate of the hydrogen dilution stream such that the contaminants are present in the hydrogen product stream at or below the product purity specification.