Method and system for proximity-based information retrieval and exchange in ad hoc networks

• US 8,959,187 B2
• Filed: 02/23/2004
• Issued: 02/17/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 02/23/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Li, Michael B., Shehktman, Gene
• Primary Examiner(s): Donabed, Ninos
• Assistant Examiner(s): RICHARDSON, THOMAS W
• Application Number:
  US10/785,797
• Publication Number:
  US 20050188062A1
• Time in Patent Office: 4,012 Days
• Field of Search: 709/220
• US Class Current: 709/220
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/306 User profiles
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 67/54 Presence management, e.g. monitoring or registration for receipt of user log-on information, or the connection status of the users
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 48/08 Access restriction or access information delivery, e.g. discovery data delivery signalling during connection H04W76/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/005 Discovery of network devices, e.g. terminals
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 8/26 Network addressing or numbering for mobility support
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 84/18 Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks

Abstract

A network has clients and a server. The clients can discover and be discovered by each other. Discovery includes emitting requests to and acquiring identifying information from clients within a certain geographical range. A discovering client sends all identifying information to the server. The server includes client information database and topological map, comprised of nodes representing clients and edges indicating the discovery of one client by another. When the server receives identifying information from the discovering client, the server updates the topological map and determines which neighboring clients of the discovering client matches the match criteria of the discovering client. The server may determine a discovery schedule detailing which client should discover next. The server may send the match information and discovery schedule to the discovering client, discovered clients, or a third party. The server may also store this information.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

at a server having one or more processors for executing instructions in one or more programs;

responding to identifying information, obtained from a primary client, for a plurality of secondary clients in physical proximity to the primary client, wherein the identifying information is obtained by the primary client using a discovery process adapted to obtain the identifying information of the secondary clients in physical proximity to the primary client for conveyance to the server, by;

identifying match criteria associated with a particular user who is associated with the primary client;

applying the match criteria to identify a first set of the plurality of secondary clients that match the match criteria and a second set of the plurality of secondary clients that do not match the match criteria; and

sending a response to the primary client in accordance with the identified first set of secondary clients; and

using a scheduler at the server, controlling states of the primary client and the plurality of secondary clients, wherein the states of the primary and secondary clients comprise an active state (SA), characterized by a respective client is being configured to discover other clients, and a passive state (SP), characterized by the respective client is being discoverable by other clients.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the identified match criteria includes personal preferences of the particular user with respect to other users.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

selecting one of a plurality of distinct user profiles associated with the particular user, and identifying the match criteria from the selected user profile.

4. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

at a server having one or more processors for executing instructions in one or more programs;

responding to identifying information, obtained from a primary client, for a plurality of secondary clients in physical proximity to the primary client, by;

identifying match criteria associated with a particular user who is associated with the primary client,

applying the match criteria to identify a first set of the plurality of secondary clients that match the match criteria and a second set of the plurality of secondary clients that do not match the match criteria, and

sending a response to the primary client in accordance with the identified first set of secondary clients; and

at the server;

using a scheduler at the server, controlling states of the primary client and the plurality of secondary clients, wherein the states of the primary and secondary clients comprise an active state (SA), characterized by a respective client being configured to discover other clients, and a passive state (SP), characterized by the respective client being discoverable by other clients.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the server includes a client information database to store client information, the client information database including discovery timestamps associated with each of the primary client and the plurality of secondary clients, designating times at which the primary client and each of the secondary clients was most recently in the active state (SA), the method further including the step of:

at the server;

scheduling discovery of the primary client and each plurality of secondary clients.

6. The method of claim 5, further including the steps of:

at the server;

updating the client information stored for the primary client with a current time as the discovery timestamp for the primary client;

selecting one of the plurality of secondary clients with the most recent discovery timestamp;

setting a flag only if the current time is less than the discovery timestamp of the selected secondary client plus a predetermined discovery threshold; and

wherein sending a response includes transmitting match information of the plurality of secondary clients that match the match criteria and the flag to the primary client.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined discovery threshold is tunable.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the predetermined discovery threshold is greater than an average duration of the active state (SA) minus a predetermined allowance of variation in duration (D_SA) of the active state (SA) minus twice a predetermined allowance of variation in duration (D_SP) of the passive state (SP), but less than the average duration of the active state (SA) plus the predetermined allowance of variation of the active state (SA) duration (D_SA) plus twice the predetermined allowance of variation in the passive state (SP) duration (D_SP).

9. The method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:

at the server;

determining which of the plurality of clients in the client information database are a neighboring client to the primary client;

associating respective discovery timestamps with the primary client and any neighboring client to the primary client to designate the time at which each one of the clients was most recently in the active state (SA);

the scheduling step further includes selecting the neighboring client with the least recent discovery timestamp; and

sending an instruction to the neighboring client to go into the active state (SA).

10. A server for use in a system having a primary client and secondary clients, the server having;

at least one processor;

memory to store one or more programs for execution by the at least one processor; and

a scheduler configured to send a message to a primary client and a plurality of secondary clients to control states of the primary client and a plurality of secondary clients in physical proximity to the primary client, wherein the states of the primary and secondary clients comprise an active state (SA), characterized by a respective client being configured to discover other clients, and a passive state (SP), characterized by the respective client being discoverable by other clients;

wherein the processor is configured to cause the server to respond to identifying information, obtained from the primary client, for the plurality of secondary clients in physical proximity to the primary client, wherein the identifying information is obtained by the primary client using a discovery process adapted to obtain the identifying information of the secondary clients in physical proximity to the primary client for conveyance to the server, by;

identifying match criteria associated with the primary client;

applying the match criteria to identify a first set of the plurality of secondary clients that match the match criteria and a second set of the plurality of secondary clients that do not match the match criteria; and

sending a response to the primary client in accordance with the identified first set of secondary clients.

11. The server of claim 10, wherein the server is configured to send match information of the secondary clients that match the match criteria to a third party.

12. The server of claim 10 further comprising:

a topological map to represent the primary client and the secondary clients, the topological map including nodes to represent the primary client and the secondary clients and edges between the nodes such that each node that represents the primary client is within one edge to the nodes representing secondary clients that the primary client has discovered; and

a topological mapper to update the topological map upon the server'"'"'s receipt of information from the primary client; and

wherein the server uses the topological map updated by the topological mapper to identify a list of matching secondary clients.

13. The server of claim 10, wherein the server is configured to transmit match information of the primary client to the identified secondary clients that match the match criteria.

14. The server of claim 13, wherein the match information includes a uniform resource locator (URL).

15. The server of claim 10, wherein the server further includes a client information database to store client information, the client information database including discovery timestamps associated with each of the primary client and the plurality of secondary clients, each respective discovery timestamp indicates the time at which a respective client was most recently in the active state (SA);

and the server further includes a scheduler configured to schedule discovery activity of the primary client and the plurality of secondary clients.

16. The server of claim 15, wherein the scheduler is configured to schedule the discovery activity of the primary client by selecting a neighboring secondary client from the plurality of secondary clients with the most recent discovery timestamp and to set a flag if the current time is less than the most recent discovery timestamp plus a predetermined discovery threshold, the server to send the flag along with the match information of one or more of the plurality of secondary clients that match the match criteria to the primary client and to send a message that indicates to the primary client to skip the active state (SA) and remain in the passive state (SP) for the duration of the active state (SA) portion of a respective cycle if the flag is set.

17. The server of claim 16, wherein the predetermined discovery threshold is tunable.

18. The server of claim 16, wherein the predetermined discovery threshold is greater than an average duration of the active state (SA) minus a predetermined allowance of variation in the active state (SA) duration (D_SA) minus twice a predetermined allowance of variation in the passive state (SP) duration (D_SP), but less than the average duration of the active state (SA) plus the predetermined allowance of variation in the active state (SA) duration (D_SA) plus twice the predetermined allowance of variation in the passive state (SP) duration (D_SP).

19. The server of claim 15, wherein the scheduler is configured to schedule the discovery activity of a neighboring secondary client by selecting the neighboring secondary client with the least recent discovery timestamp, sending an instruction to the neighboring secondary client to go into active state (SA), and sending an instruction to the primary client to skip the active state (SA) and remain in the passive state (SP) for the duration of an active state (SA) portion of a respective cycle.

20. A computer-implemented method, comprising:

at a respective client that is associated with a particular user, the respective client having one or more processors and memory to store one or more programs for execution by the one or more processors;

discovering secondary clients in physical proximity to the respective client by performing a discovery process adapted to obtain identifying information of secondary clients in physical proximity to the respective client for conveyance to a server;

in accordance with the discovering, sending to the server identifying information for a plurality of the secondary clients in physical proximity to the respective client;

receiving from the server a response identifying a subset of the plurality of secondary clients satisfying match criteria, the match criteria associated with the respective client;

displaying information to the particular user in accordance with the response; and

receiving from a server a message to control the state of the respective client, wherein the state of the respective client comprises an active state (SA), characterized by the respective client being configured to discover other clients, and a passive state (SP), characterized by the respective client being discoverable by other clients.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the match criteria is associated with a user profile of the particular user.

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the respective client sends the server client information to store in a client information database, the client information database including discovery timestamps associated with the respective client and each discovered secondary clients, designating times at which the primary client and each of the secondary clients was most recently in the active state (SA).