Power plant with CO;capture and compression

• US 8,959,884 B2
• Filed: 06/07/2011
• Issued: 02/24/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 06/10/2010
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: General Electric Technology GmbH (GE Aerospace)
• Original Assignee: Alstom Technology Ltd. (Alstom SA)
• Inventors: Hoffmann, Jrgen, Nagel, Holger, Li, Hongtao
• Primary Examiner(s): Waks, Joseph
• Application Number:
  US13/155,079
• Publication Number:
  US 20110304155A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,358 Days
• Field of Search: 290/1.R
• US Class Current: 60/39.01
• CPC Class Codes: F01K 23/10 with exhaust fluid of one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle F01K17/025 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/14 Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/16 Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/18 Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 20/32 Direct CO2 mitigation

Abstract

CO₂ compression is a main step in carbon capture and storage, which is essential to control global warming. CO₂ compressors are powered by electric motors, which increase operational flexibility but require much energy leading to additional expenses, power and efficiency losses. A method is provided for optimized operation of a plant including a power generation unit with a CO₂ capture system and compressor with minimum losses during normal operation, allowing flexible part load. The method allows steam from the power unit to drive a steam turbine, which drives the CO₂ compressor via an engaged overrunning clutch if a sufficient amount of steam is available from the power unit, and to drive it by the generator, which is used as motor when insufficient steam is available from the power unit. When no or insufficient steam is available the clutch is disengaged and the steam turbine may be at standstill or idling.

Claims

1. A power plant comprising a power unit with a CO₂ capture system and a CO₂ compressor arranged downstream of the CO₂ capture system, and a steam turbine powered by a live steam line fed by the power unit, the steam turbine engageably connected to a generator and the CO₂ compressor via an overrunning clutch, wherein the generator is connectable to a power grid to deliver power to the grid and operable as a motor, and wherein the generator is connected to the CO₂ compressor with no interposed coupling.

2. The power plant according to claim 1, wherein a gear is arranged between the CO₂ compressor and the generator.

3. The power plant according to claim 1, wherein the generator is a generator with a matrix converter or a combination of generator and a frequency converter to allow grid connection of the generator independent of the operating speed of the CO₂ compressor.

4. The power plant according to claim 1, wherein the power unit is a combined cycle power plant comprising a gas turbine, a heat recovery steam generator, a steam turbine and a CO₂ capture system.

5. The power plant according to claim 4, wherein a flue gas recirculation flow is recirculated into inlet air of a gas turbine of the combined cycle power plant.

6. The power plant according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of power generating units and a plurality of CO₂ compressors, which are connected by a CO₂ manifold.

7. The power plant according to claim 1, wherein the CO₂ compressor'"'"'s design operating speed is different from the grid frequency.

8. A method for operating a power plant comprising a carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture system, a generator, a steam turbine powered by a live steam fed by the power plant and a CO₂ compressor arranged downstream of the CO₂ capture system,

the method comprising:

operating the generator, for CO₂ compression, as a motor to drive the CO₂ compressor when insufficient steam to drive the steam turbine is available, the generator being mechanically connected to the CO₂ compressor with no interposed coupling; and

driving the CO₂ compressor, by the steam turbine, via an overrunning clutch, which engages when sufficient steam is available;

wherein during normal steady state high part load and/or base load operation of the plant, the steam turbine is engaged via the overrunning clutch to the generator and the CO₂ compressor, and the CO₂ compressor is driven by the steam turbine.

9. The method for operating a power plant according to claim 8, wherein the steam turbine, which is driving the CO₂ compressor, also drives the generator at the same time as the CO₂ compressor and electric power is fed into the grid when the power of the turbine exceeds the power required to drive the CO₂ compressor.

10. The method for operating a power plant according to claim 8, wherein during low part load operation and/or loading of the power unit or when no steam is available due to phased construction or an outage of the steam part of a combined cycle power plant, the steam turbine is not engaged via the overrunning clutch and the CO₂ compressor is driven by the generator, which is operated as motor during this operating mode.

11. The method for operating a power plant according to claim 8, wherein the steam turbine is engaged with the generator and CO₂ compressor via the overrunning clutch, the generator is operated as a motor, and both the steam turbine and the generator drive the CO₂ compressor when steam is available but the power output of the steam turbine is less than the power required to drive the CO₂ compressor.

12. The method for operating a power plant according to claim 8, wherein CO₂ captured from a plurality of power units is collected by a CO₂ manifold, and is compressed by a plurality of CO₂ compressors.

13. The method for operating a power plant according to claim 12, wherein for part load operation the load reduction of the power plant is realized by deloading the power units to different load levels and deloading the CO₂ compressors to equally distribute the CO₂ mass flows over all operating CO₂ compressors.

14. The method for operating a power plant according to claim 8, wherein at least one CO₂ compressor is driven either by the generator and/or the steam turbine and the speed of the CO₂ compressor is variably adjusted to control the CO₂ flow and/or that at least one generator is configured as a generator with a matrix converter to allow grid connection independent of the operating speed or connected to the grid via a frequency converter.