Power conditioning unit with voltage converters

• US 8,971,082 B2
• Filed: 01/23/2013
• Issued: 03/03/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/08/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Tesla Inc.
• Original Assignee: Enecsys Limited
• Inventors: Rodriquez, Cuauhtemoc
• Primary Examiner(s): Pham, Emily P
• Application Number:
  US13/748,375
• Publication Number:
  US 20130235637A1
• Time in Patent Office: 769 Days
• Field of Search: 323/906, 363/95, 363/97, 363/98, 363/131, 363/132
• US Class Current: 363/131
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/30 The power source being a fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/40 Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/44 with means for ensuring correct phase sequence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/0009 Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/007 Plural converter units in cascade push-pull DC/DC converters with pre-regulator H02M3/3374; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC stage including a high frequency transformer H02M7/4807; DC-AC converters following a DC-DC conversion stage generating periodically varying voltages H02M7/4826
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/08 Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/12 Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 5/458 using semiconductor devices only
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/48 using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53871 with automatic control of output voltage or current
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 7/53873 with digital control
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

A power conditioning unit for delivering power from a power source to a mains utility supply, the power conditioning unit comprising a plurality of input terminals for connecting to the power source, a plurality of output terminals for connecting to the mains utility supply, a voltage increasing converter connected to the input terminals, a voltage reducing converter connected to the voltage increasing converter and a dc-to-ac converter connected to the voltage reducing converter and to the output terminals.

Claims

1. A power conditioning unit for delivering power from a dc power source to a mains utility supply, the power conditioning unit comprising:

input connection means for connecting to the dc power source;

output connection means for connecting to the mains utility supply;

voltage increasing means for increasing a voltage supplied by the dc power source to the input connection means;

voltage reducing means for reducing a voltage supplied by the voltage increasing means;

dc-to-ac conversion means for converting a direct current supplied by the voltage reducing means to an alternating current suitable for supplying to the mains utility supply, wherein the voltage reducing means and the dc-to-ac conversion means share an inductor and wherein the inductor is configured to function as an energy storage inductor in the voltage reducing means and as a current smoothing inductor in the dc-to-ac conversion means;

voltage sensing means for sensing a voltage on the output connection means;

reference current generation means for generating a reference current responsive to said sensing;

current sensing means for sensing a supply current in the dc-to-ac conversion means; and

control means for controlling the voltage reducing means responsive to a difference between the reference current and the supply current.

2. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 further comprising a synchronization circuit couple to the output connection means configured to generate a synchronization signal that is synchronized with the mains utility supply.

3. The power conditioning unit of claim 2, wherein the reference current generation circuit is coupled to the synchronization circuit and configured to generate a sinusoidal reference signal template in synchronism with the mains utility supply based on the synchronization signal.

4. The power conditioning unit of claim 3, wherein the control means comprises a comparator configured to compare an instantaneous value of the sinusoidal reference signal template with an instantaneous value of a current sense signal and to provide an output to control the voltage reducing means to regulate sinusoidal current injection by a current source inverter into the mains utility supply.

5. The power conditioning unit of claim 4 further comprising a buffer coupled between the comparator and the voltage reducing means to buffer an output of the comparator.

6. The power conditioning unit of claim 5, wherein the buffer operates at a greater frequency than a frequency of the mains utility supply.

7. The power conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the dc-to-ac conversion means comprises a plurality of transistors and a plurality of protection diodes connected in series with the transistors so that the protection diodes prevent current flow in a reverse direction in the transistors.

8. The power conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the voltage increasing means comprises a dc-to-dc conversion means, wherein the dc-to-dc conversion means and the dc-to-ac conversion means share an inductor and wherein the inductor is configured to function as an energy storage inductor in the dc-to-dc conversion means and as a current smoothing inductor in the dc-to-ac conversion means, and wherein a sinusoidal current injection is regulated based on current mode control in the inductor based on buck-type stage of the dc-to-dc conversion means.

9. The power conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the current sensing means is configured to sense a current flowing through the voltage reducing means and to provide a current sense signal.

10. The power conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the reference current generation means comprises:

a digital-to-analogue converter configured to provide an amplitude control signal; and

a circuit configured to control an amplitude of a rectified sinusoidal signal template in response to the amplitude control signal.

11. The power conditioning unit of claim 1, wherein the dc-to-ac conversion means comprises:

a dc connection to the dc photovoltaic power source;

an ac connection to the mains utility supply; and

a plurality of transistors and a plurality of protection diodes connected in series between the dc connection and the ac connection;

a current control transistor and an inductor connected in series to an input to the dc-to-ac conversion means to control current injection into the mains utility supply;

a first diode connected between a first node between the current control transistor and the inductor and a second node connected to an input of said dc-to-ac conversion means; and

a second diode connected in series with the current control transistor to protect the current control transistor by inhibiting current from flowing back through the current control transistor when the current control transistor is switched off.

12. The power conditioning unit of claim 11, wherein the dc connection comprises two dc connection terminals, the ac connection comprises two ac connection terminals, a first transistor and a first protection diode being connected in series between the first dc connection terminal and the first ac connection terminal, a second transistor and a second protection diode being connected in series between the first dc connection terminal and the second ac connection terminal, a third transistor and a third protection diode being connected in series between the second dc connection terminal and the first ac connection terminal and a fourth transistor and a fourth protection diode being connected between the second dc connection terminal and the second ac connection terminal.