Laser devices having a gallium and nitrogen containing semipolar surface orientation
First Claim
Patent Images
1. A laser device comprising:
- a gallium and nitrogen containing material having a semipolar surface configured on an offcut orientation to one of either a (60-6-1) plane, a (60-61) plane, a (50-5-1) plane, a (50-51) plane, a (40-4-1) plane, (40-41) plane, a (30-3-1) plane, a (30-31) plane, a (20-2-1) plane, a (20-21) plane, a (30-3-2), or a (30-32) plane;
a laser stripe region formed overlying a portion of the semipolar surface, the laser stripe region being characterized by a cavity orientation substantially parallel to the projection of the c-direction, the laser stripe region having a first end and a second end;
the laser stripe region characterized by a length less than 300 μ
m;
a first facet provided on the first end of the laser stripe region;
a second facet provided on the second end of the laser stripe region;
an n-type cladding region overlying the semipolar surface;
an active region comprising at least one active layer region overlying the n-type cladding region, the active region comprising a quantum well region or a double hetero-structure region; and
a p-type cladding region overlying the active region;
wherein the laser stripe region is characterized by a width configured to emit a laser beam having a selected ratio of a first polarization state and a second polarization state, the width configured to emit the laser beam operable in a single lateral mode for an internal loss of less than 8 cm−
1.
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Abstract
Laser devices formed on a semipolar surface region of a gallium and nitrogen containing material are disclosed. The laser devices have a laser stripe configured to emit a laser beam having a cross-polarized emission state.
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Citations
32 Claims
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1. A laser device comprising:
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a gallium and nitrogen containing material having a semipolar surface configured on an offcut orientation to one of either a (60-6-1) plane, a (60-61) plane, a (50-5-1) plane, a (50-51) plane, a (40-4-1) plane, (40-41) plane, a (30-3-1) plane, a (30-31) plane, a (20-2-1) plane, a (20-21) plane, a (30-3-2), or a (30-32) plane; a laser stripe region formed overlying a portion of the semipolar surface, the laser stripe region being characterized by a cavity orientation substantially parallel to the projection of the c-direction, the laser stripe region having a first end and a second end; the laser stripe region characterized by a length less than 300 μ
m;a first facet provided on the first end of the laser stripe region; a second facet provided on the second end of the laser stripe region; an n-type cladding region overlying the semipolar surface; an active region comprising at least one active layer region overlying the n-type cladding region, the active region comprising a quantum well region or a double hetero-structure region; and a p-type cladding region overlying the active region; wherein the laser stripe region is characterized by a width configured to emit a laser beam having a selected ratio of a first polarization state and a second polarization state, the width configured to emit the laser beam operable in a single lateral mode for an internal loss of less than 8 cm−
1. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A laser device comprising:
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a gallium and nitrogen containing material having a semipolar surface configured on an offcut orientation to one of either a (30-3-1) plane, a (30-31) plane, a (20-2-1) plane, a (20-21) plane, a (30-3-2), or a (30-32) plane; an array of N single lateral mode laser stripes formed overlying the semipolar surface, wherein; each of the laser stripes is characterized by a cavity orientation substantially parallel to the projection of a c-direction, each of the laser stripes having a length less than 300 μ
m;each of the laser stripes is characterized by a width ranging from about 0.5 μ
m to about 2.5 μ
m;each of the laser stripes is configured to operate in a single lateral mode; each of the laser stripes is configured to emit a laser beam characterized by a first polarization state and a second polarization state, wherein the first polarization state is orthogonal to the second polarization state; and the laser device is configured to emit a plurality of laser beams, each of the plurality of laser beams characterized by a primary polarization state and a secondary polarization state, wherein a power emitted in the second polarization state is at less than 15% of a power emitted in the first polarization state, and the laser device is characterized by an internal loss of less than 9 cm−
1 and a polarization ratio of at least 90% or at least 95% between the power emitted in the first polarization state and the power emitted in the second polarization state. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25)
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26. A laser device comprising:
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a gallium and nitrogen containing material having a semipolar surface configured on an offcut orientation to one of either a (60-6-1) plane, a (60-61) plane, a (50-5-1) plane, a (50-51), a (40-4-1) plane, a (40-41) plane, a (30-3-1) plane, a (30-31) plane, a (20-2-1) plane, a (20-21) plane, a (30-3-2) plane, or a (30-32) plane; a laser stripe region formed overlying a portion of the semipolar surface, the laser stripe region being characterized by a cavity orientation substantially parallel to the projection of the c-direction, the laser stripe region having a first end and a second end; a first facet provided on the first end of the laser stripe region; a second facet provided on the second end of the laser stripe region; an n-type cladding region overlying the semipolar surface; an active region comprising at least one active layer region overlying the n-type cladding region;
the active region comprising a quantum well region or a double hetero-structure region; anda p-type cladding region overlying the active region; a width characterizing the laser stripe region configured to emit a laser beam having a first polarization state and a second polarization state, the first polarization state being orthogonal to the second polarization state and the first polarization state being the primary polarization state, the width configured to emit the laser beam operable in a multi-lateral mode for an internal loss of less than 8 cm−
1; anda polarization ratio of the laser beam characterizing a cross-polarized emission such that at least 15% of an emitted power is in the second polarization state. - View Dependent Claims (27, 28, 29)
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30. A method of manufacturing an optical device, the method comprising:
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providing a gallium and nitrogen containing semipolar member having a crystalline surface region;
the semipolar surface being configured on an offcut orientation to one of either a (60-6-1) plane, a (60-61) plane, a (50-5-1) plane, a (50-51) plane, a (40-4-1) plane, a (40-41) plane, a (30-3-1) plane, a (30-31) plane, a (20-2-1) plane, a (20-21) plane, a (30-3-2) plane, or a (30-32) plane;
the gallium and nitrogen containing substrate member characterized by a dislocation density of less than 107 cm−
2;forming a gallium and nitrogen containing n-type cladding layer overlying the surface region, the n-type cladding layer having a thickness from 300 nm to 6000 nm with an n-type doping level of 1E17 cm−
3 to 6E18 cm−
3;forming an n-side separate confining heterostructure (SCH) waveguiding layer overlying the n-type cladding layer, the n-side SCH waveguide layer comprising gallium, indium, and nitrogen with a molar fraction of InN of between 1% and 12% and having a thickness from 20 nm to 150 nm; forming an active region overlying the n-side SCH waveguiding layer, the active region comprising at least two quantum wells, the at least two quantum wells comprising InGaN with a thickness of about 2 nm to about 8 nm;
the at least two quantum wells separated by barrier regions, the barrier regions comprising gallium and nitrogen with a thickness of about 2.5 nm to about 25 nm;forming a p-type gallium and nitrogen containing cladding layer overlying the active region, the p-type cladding layer having a thickness from 300 nm to 1000 nm with a p-type doping level of 1E17 cm−
3 to 5E19 cm−
3;forming a p++ gallium and nitrogen containing contact layer overlying the p-type cladding layer, the p++ gallium and nitrogen containing contact layer having a thickness from 10 nm to 120 nm with a p-type doping level of 1E19 cm−
3 to 1E22 cm−
3; andforming a waveguide member overlying the p++ gallium and nitrogen contact layer, the waveguide member aligned substantially in the projection of the c-direction, the waveguide member comprising a first end and a second end, the first end having a first facet and the second end having a second facet, the waveguide member being characterized by a length of less than 300 microns and a width configured to emit a laser beam having a selected ratio of a first polarization state and a second polarization state, the width configured to emit the laser beam operable in a single lateral mode for an internal loss of less than 8 cm−
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31. A method for manufacturing an optical device, the method comprising:
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providing a gallium and nitrogen containing semipolar member having a crystalline surface region, the semipolar surface being configured on an offcut orientation to one of either a (60-6-1) plane, a (60-61) plane, a (50-5-1) plane, a (50-51) plane, a (40-4-1) plane, a (40-41) plane, a (30-3-1) plane, a (30-31) plane, a (20-2-1) plane, a (20-21) plane, a (30-3-2) plane, or a (30-32) plane, the gallium and nitrogen containing semipolar member being characterized by a dislocation density of less than 107 cm−
2;forming an n-type cladding layer comprising a first ternary AlGaN alloy or a first quaternary AlInGaN alloy, the first alloy comprising at least an aluminum bearing species, a gallium bearing species, and a nitrogen bearing species overlying the surface region, the n-type cladding layer having a thickness from 100 nm to 6000 nm with an n-type doping level of 5E16 cm−
3 to 6E18 cm−
3;forming an n-side separate confining heterostructure (SCH) waveguiding layer overlying the n-type cladding layer, the n-side SCH waveguiding layer comprising InGaN with a molar fraction of InN of between 1% and 10% and having a thickness from 30 nm to 150 nm; forming a multiple quantum well active region overlying the n-side SCH waveguiding layer, the multiple quantum well active region comprising two to five, 2 nm to 8 nm thick, InGaN quantum wells separated by 3 nm to 20 nm thick gallium and nitrogen containing barrier layers; forming a p-type cladding layer comprising a second ternary AlGaN alloy or quaternary AlInGaN alloy overlying the multiple quantum well active region, the p-type cladding layer having a thickness from 250 nm to 1,000 nm and comprising a p-type doping species including magnesium at a concentration of 1E17 cm−
3 to 4E19 cm−
3;forming a p++ gallium and nitrogen containing contact layer overlying the p-type cladding layer, the p++ gallium and nitrogen containing contact layer having a thickness from 10 nm to 140 nm and comprising a p-type doping species including magnesium at a concentration of 1E19 cm−
3 to 1E22 cm−
3; andforming a waveguide member, the waveguide member being aligned substantially in the projection of the c-direction, the waveguide member comprising of a first end and a second end, the first end comprising a first facet, the second end comprising a second facet, the waveguide member provided between the first facet and the second facet and being characterized by a length of less than 300 microns and a width configured to emit a laser beam having a selected ratio of a first polarization state and a second polarization state, the width configured to emit the laser beam operable in a single lateral mode for an internal loss of less than 8 cm−
1, the waveguide member having a first edge region formed on a first side of the waveguide member, the first edge region having a first etched surface formed on the first edge region, the waveguide member having a second edge region formed on a second side of the waveguide member, the second edge region having a second etched surface formed on the second edge region.
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32. A method of manufacturing an optical device, the method comprising:
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providing a gallium and nitrogen containing semipolar member having a crystalline surface region;
the semipolar surface being configured on an offcut orientation to one of either a (60-6-1) plane, a (60-61) plane, a (50-5-1) plane, a (50-51) plane, a (40-4-1) plane, a (40-41) plane, a (30-3-1) plane, a (30-31) plane, a (20-2-1) plane, a (20-21) plane, a (30-3-2) plane, or a (30-32) plane;
the gallium and nitrogen containing semipolar member characterized by a dislocation density of less than 107 cm−
2;forming a gallium and nitrogen containing n-type cladding layer overlying the surface region, the n-type cladding layer having a thickness from 300 nm to 6000 nm with an n-type doping level of 1E17 cm−
3 to 6E18 cm−
3, the n-type cladding layer being substantially free from an aluminum bearing material;forming an n-side separate confining heterostructure (SCH) waveguiding layer overlying the n-type cladding layer, the n-side SCH waveguiding layer comprising gallium, indium, and nitrogen with a molar fraction of InN of between 1% and 12% and having a thickness from 20 nm to 150 nm; forming an active region overlying the n-side SCH waveguiding layer, the active region comprising at least two quantum well regions, the at least two quantum wells comprising InGaN with a thickness of about 2 nm to about 8 nm;
the at least two quantum wells separated by barrier regions, the barrier regions comprising least gallium and nitrogen with a thickness of about 2.5 nm to about 25 nm;forming a p-type gallium and nitrogen containing cladding layer overlying the active region, the p-type cladding layer having a thickness from 300 nm to 1000 nm with a p-type doping level of 1E17 cm−
3 to 5E19 cm−
3;forming a p++ gallium and nitrogen containing contact layer overlying the p-type gallium and nitrogen containing cladding layer, the p++ gallium and nitrogen containing contact layer having a thickness from 10 nm to 120 nm with a p-type doping level of 1E19 cm−
3 to 1E22 cm−
3; andforming a waveguide member, the waveguide member aligned substantially in the projection of the c-direction, the waveguide member comprising a first end and a second end, the first end having a first facet and the second end having a second facet, the waveguide member being characterized by a length of less than 300 microns and a width configured to emit a laser beam having a selected ratio of a first polarization state and a second polarization state, the width configured to emit the laser beam operable in a single lateral mode for an internal loss of less than 8 cm−
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Specification