Reduced central processing unit load and memory usage battery state of charge calculation

• US 8,972,091 B2
• Filed: 03/12/2013
• Issued: 03/03/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/12/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Inventors: Li, Yonghua, Anderson, Richard Dyche, Wang, Xu
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, TAN QUANG
• Application Number:
  US13/794,975
• Publication Number:
  US 20140277866A1
• Time in Patent Office: 721 Days
• Field of Search: 701/22, 701/36, 320/136, 320/116, 320/132, 320/107
• US Class Current: 701/22
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/545 Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/547 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/12 responding to state of charge [SoC]
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/22 Balancing the charge of battery modules
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2010/4271 Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2220/30 Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/48 for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0013 acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially H02J7/1423 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1423 with multiple batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/1492 by means of controlling devices between the generator output and the battery
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/92 Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor

Abstract

A vehicle having a battery pack with cells grouped into subsets and at least one controller programmed to charge and discharge the battery pack is disclosed. A control output is generated based on a pack state of charge derived from each cell'"'"'s initial state of charge at vehicle activation and an electric charge accumulated or spent by less than all of the cells of each of the subsets since vehicle activation. A method of estimating battery pack state of charge is disclosed in which a pack state of charge is calculated by identifying subsets of cells having similar properties and calculating an electric charge accumulated or spent for fewer than all of the cells of each subset. A cell state of charge is calculated for all cells based on an average electric charge accumulated or spent. The pack state of charge is based on all the cell states of charge.

Claims

1. A vehicle comprising:

a battery pack including cells grouped into a plurality of subsets; and

a controller programmed to charge and discharge the battery pack according to a state of charge of the battery pack derived from an initial state of charge of each of the cells at vehicle activation and an electric charge accumulated or spent by each of less than all of the cells of each of the subsets since vehicle activation.

2. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the cells are grouped into a plurality of subsets such that at least some of the cells of one or more of the subsets are scattered throughout the battery pack.

3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein all of the cells of each of the subsets have a specified set of cell parameter values falling within a specified range of values and wherein the specified range of values for each of the subsets is different.

4. The vehicle of claim 3, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of temperatures.

5. The vehicle of claim 3, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of initial states of charge or capacities.

6. The vehicle of claim 3, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of cell ages.

7. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the at least one controller is further programmed to group the cells into the plurality of subsets upon vehicle activation.

8. A method of controlling a vehicle comprising:

identifying a plurality of subsets of cells forming a battery pack, wherein the cells of each of the subsets have a specified set of cell parameter values falling within a specified range of values and wherein the specified range of values for each of the subsets is different;

calculating an electric charge accumulated or spent by less than all of the cells of each of the subsets based on cell state of charge data;

calculating an average electric charge accumulated or spent by the battery pack based on the electric charge accumulated or spent by less than all of the cells for each of the subsets;

calculating a cell state of charge for each of the cells based on the average electric charge accumulated or spent by the battery pack;

calculating a battery pack state of charge based on the cell states of charge; and

generating a control output for the vehicle based on the battery pack state of charge.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein calculating an electric charge accumulated or spent by less than all of the cells of each of the subsets based on cell state of charge data includes calculating an electric charge accumulated or spent by no more than one of the cells of each of the subsets.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of temperatures.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of initial states of charge or capacities.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of cell ages.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of identifying is performed upon vehicle activation.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of identifying is periodically performed during a drive cycle of the vehicle.

15. A method for estimating a battery pack state of charge comprising:

grouping cells of the battery pack into a plurality of subsets;

calculating a battery pack state of charge based on an initial state of charge of each of the cells at vehicle activation and an electric charge accumulated or spent by each of less than all of the cells of each of the subsets since vehicle activation; and

outputting information based on the battery pack state of charge for vehicle control or display.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein all of the cells of each of the subsets have a specified set of cell parameter values falling within a specified range of values and wherein the specified range of values for each of the subsets is different.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of temperatures.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of initial states of charge or capacities.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the specified set of cell parameter values includes a specified range of cell ages.

20. The method of claim 15, wherein the cells are grouped into a plurality of subsets upon vehicle activation.