Switch mode power converters using magnetically coupled galvanically isolated lead frame communication

• US 8,976,561 B2
• Filed: 11/14/2012
• Issued: 03/10/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 11/14/2012
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Power Integrations Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Power Integrations Incorporated
• Inventors: Balakrishnan, Balu, Matthews, David Michael Hugh
• Primary Examiner(s): BERHANE, ADOLF D
• Application Number:
  US13/677,120
• Publication Number:
  US 20140133186A1
• Time in Patent Office: 846 Days
• Field of Search: 363/17, 363/20, 363/21.1, 363/95, 363/97, 363/147, 455/41.1, 455/63.1, 455/73, 455/128, 455/296, 455/333, 257/666, 257/676, 257/678, 257/687, 257/690, 257/787
• US Class Current: 363/147
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/29099 Material
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/32245 the item being metallic
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/45099 Material
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/48247 connecting the wire to a bond pad of the item
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/48257 connecting the wire to a die pad of the item
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/4911 the connectors being bonded to at least one common bonding area, e.g. daisy chain
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/49111 the connectors connecting two common bonding areas, e.g. Litz or braid wires
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/49171 Fan-out arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2224/73265 Layer and wire connectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/48 Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the solid state body in operation, e.g. leads, terminal arrangements ; Selection of materials therefor
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/495 Lead-frames or other flat leads H01L23/498 takes precedence; lead frame interconnections between components H01L23/52
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/49541 Geometry of the lead-frame
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/49575 Assemblies of semiconductor devices on lead frames
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/552 Protection against radiation, e.g. light or electromagnetic waves
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 23/66 High-frequency adaptations
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/48 of an individual wire connector
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 24/49 of a plurality of wire connectors
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00014 the subject-matter covered by the group, the symbol of which is combined with the symbol of this group, being disclosed without further technical details
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/12032 Schottky diode
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/1305 : Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13055 : Insulated gate bipolar transistor [IGBT]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/13091 : Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor [MOSFET]
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/181 : Encapsulation
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/19107 : off-chip wires
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/30107 : Inductance
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/003 : Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/33523 : with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop

Abstract

An integrated circuit package for use in a switch mode power converter comprises an encapsulation and a lead frame. A portion of the lead frame is disposed within the encapsulation. The lead frame includes a first conductor having a first conductive loop disposed substantially within the encapsulation. The lead frame also includes a second conductor galvanically isolated from the first conductor. The second conductor includes a second conductive loop disposed substantially within the encapsulation proximate to and magnetically coupled to the first conductive loop to provide a communication link between the first and second conductors. A first control die including a first control circuit is coupled to the first conductor. A second control die including a second control circuit is coupled to the second conductor. One or more control signals are communicated between the first and second control dice through the communication link.

Claims

1. An integrated circuit package for use in a switch mode power converter, comprising:

an encapsulation;

a lead frame, a portion of the lead frame disposed within the encapsulation, the lead frame including a first conductor having a first conductive loop disposed substantially within the encapsulation, wherein the lead frame further includes a second conductor galvanically isolated from the first conductor, wherein the second conductor includes a second conductive loop disposed substantially within the encapsulation proximate to and magnetically coupled to the first conductive loop to provide a communication link between the first and second conductors;

a first control die including a first control circuit coupled to the first conductor; and

a second control die including a second control circuit coupled to the second conductor, wherein one or more control signals are communicated between the first and second control dice through the communication link,

wherein the switch mode power converter comprises a switching circuit coupled between an input of the power supply and an input of an energy transfer element, the output of the energy transfer element coupled to an output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the first control circuit coupled to the switching circuit to control switching of the switching circuit in response to the one or more control signals communicated between the first and second control dice through the communication link to regulate the transfer of energy from the input of the switch mode power converter to the output of the switch mode power converter.

2. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the switch mode power converter comprises an isolated synchronous flyback converter, and wherein the switch mode power converter further comprises:

a second switch coupled to an output of the energy transfer element and the output of the switch mode power converter; and

the second control circuit coupled to receive a feedback signal representative of the output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the second control circuit is further coupled to the second switch to control switching of the second switch to transfer energy from the energy transfer element to the output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the second control circuit transmits the one or more control signals through the communication link to the first control circuit to regulate the transfer of energy from the input of the switch mode power converter to the output of the switch mode power converter.

3. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the switch mode power converter comprises an isolated flyback converter, and wherein the second control circuit is coupled to receive a feedback signal representative of the output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the one or more control signals is responsive to the feedback signal, and wherein the second control circuit transmits the one or more control signals through the communication link to the first control circuit to regulate the transfer of energy from the input of the switch mode power converter to the output of the switch mode power converter.

4. The integrated circuit package of claim 3 wherein the second control circuit is further coupled to receive an AC line zero-crossing signal from the first control circuit through the communication link between the first and second control dice.

5. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the switch mode power converter comprises a buck converter, wherein the first control circuit is a high-side control circuit, and wherein the second control circuit is coupled to receive a feedback signal representative of the output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the one or more control signals are responsive to the feedback signal, wherein the second control circuit is coupled to transmit the one or more control signals through the communication link to the high-side control circuit.

6. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the switch mode power converter comprises a half-bridge converter that includes a switching leg having a high-side switch and a low-side switch coupled to drive the energy transfer element, wherein the first control circuit is one of a plurality of control circuits, wherein each one of the plurality of control circuits is coupled to control switching of a respective one of the high-side and low-side switches.

7. The integrated circuit package of claim 6 wherein a status signal is communicated from the first control circuit to an other one of the plurality of control circuits through the communication link.

8. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the switch mode power converter comprises a full-bridge converter that includes first and second switching legs, wherein each one of the first and second switching legs comprises a high-side switch and a low-side switch coupled to drive the energy transfer element, wherein the first control circuit is one of a plurality of control circuits, wherein each one of the plurality of control circuits is coupled to control switching of a respective one of the high-side and low-side switches.

9. The integrated circuit package of claim 8 wherein a status signal is communicated from the control circuit to a full-bridge controller circuit through the communication link.

10. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the first control die is mounted on the first conductor of the lead frame, wherein the first control die is coupled to and completes the first conductive loop.

11. The integrated circuit package of claim 10 further comprising a first bond wire coupled to the first conductor and the first control die, wherein the first bond wire is included as a portion of the first conductive loop.

12. The integrated circuit package of claim 10 wherein the second control die is mounted on the second conductor of the lead frame, wherein the second control die is coupled to the second conductive loop.

13. The integrated circuit package of claim 12 further comprising a second bond wire coupled to the second conductor and the second control die, wherein the second bond wire is included as a portion of the second conductive loop.

14. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the one or more control signals comprise a coded signal.

15. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the communication link comprises a unidirectional communication link.

16. The integrated circuit package of claim 1 wherein the communication link comprises a bidirectional communication link.

17. A switch mode power converter, comprising:

a switching circuit coupled to an input of an energy transfer element and an input of the switch mode power converter;

the energy transfer element coupled between the switching circuit and an output of the switch mode power converter;

a control circuit coupled to the switching circuit to control switching of the switching circuit to regulate a transfer of energy from the input of the switch mode power converter to the output of the switch mode power converter;

a first conductor including a first conductive loop coupled to the control circuit, wherein the first conductor is included in a lead frame of an integrated circuit package; and

a second conductor included in the lead frame of the integrated circuit package and galvanically isolated from the first conductor, wherein the second conductor includes a second conductive loop disposed proximate to and magnetically coupled to the first conductive loop to provide a communication link between the first and second conductors, wherein the control circuit is coupled to switch the switching circuit in response to one or more control signals received from the second conductive loop through the magnetic coupling between the first and second conductive loops, wherein the first and second conductive loops are coupled to respective external pin pads of the integrated circuit package.

21. The switch mode power converter of claim 17 wherein the switch mode power converter comprises a buck converter, wherein the control circuit is a high-side control circuit, and wherein the switch mode power converter further comprises a second control circuit coupled to receive a feedback signal representative of the output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the one or more control signals are responsive to the feedback signal, wherein the second control circuit is coupled to the second conductor to transmit the one or more control signals through the magnetic coupling between the first and second conductive loops to the high-side control circuit.

22. The switch mode power converter of claim 17 wherein the switching circuit comprises a half-bridge converter that includes a switching leg having a high-side switch and a low-side switch coupled to drive the energy transfer element, wherein the control circuit is one of a plurality of control circuits, wherein each one of the plurality of control circuits is coupled to control switching of a respective one of the high-side and low-side switches.

23. The switch mode power converter of claim 22 wherein a status signal is communicated from the control circuit to an other one of the plurality of control circuits through the communication link.

24. The switch mode power converter of claim 17 wherein the switching circuit comprises a full-bridge configuration that includes first and second switching legs, wherein each one of the first and second switching legs comprises a high-side switch and a low-side switch coupled to drive the energy transfer element, wherein the control circuit is one of a plurality of control circuits, wherein each one of the plurality of control circuits is coupled to control switching of a respective one of the high-side and low-side switches.

25. The switch mode power converter of claim 24 wherein a status signal is communicated from the control circuit to a full-bridge controller circuit through the communication link.

26. The switch mode power converter of claim 17 wherein the control circuit is included in a first integrated circuit die mounted on the first conductor of lead frame, wherein the first integrated circuit die couples together portions of the first conductive loop.

27. The switch mode power converter of claim 26 further comprising a first bond wire coupled to the first conductor and the first integrated circuit die, wherein the first bond wire is included as a portion of the first conductive loop.

28. The switch mode power converter of claim 26 further comprising a second integrated circuit die isolated from the first integrated circuit die and mounted on the second conductor of the lead frame, wherein the second integrated circuit die couples together portions of the second conductive loop.

29. The switch mode power converter of claim 28 further comprising a second bond wire coupled to the second conductor and the second integrated circuit die, wherein the second bond wire is included as a portion of the second conductive loop.

30. The switch mode power converter of claim 17 wherein the one or more control signals comprises a coded signal.

31. The switch mode power converter of claim 17 wherein the communication link comprises a unidirectional communication link.

32. The switch mode power converter of claim 17 wherein the communication link comprises a bidirectional communication link.

18. A switch mode power converter, comprising:

a switching circuit coupled to an input of an energy transfer element and an input of the switch mode power converter;

the energy transfer element coupled between the switching circuit and an output of the switch mode power converter;

a control circuit coupled to the switching circuit to control switching of the switching circuit to regulate a transfer of energy from the input of the switch mode power converter to the output of the switch mode power converter;

a first conductor including a first conductive loop coupled to the control circuit, wherein the first conductor is included in a lead frame of an integrated circuit package;

a second conductor included in the lead frame of the integrated circuit package and galvanically isolated from the first conductor, wherein the second conductor includes a second conductive loop disposed proximate to and magnetically coupled to the first conductive loop to provide a communication link between the first and second conductors, wherein the control circuit is coupled to switch the switching circuit in response to one or more control signals received from the second conductive loop through the magnetic coupling between the first and second conductive loops;

an isolated synchronous flyback converter, wherein the control circuit is a primary control circuit, and wherein the switch mode power converter further comprises;

a second switch coupled to an output of the energy transfer element and the output of the switch mode power converter; and

a secondary control circuit coupled to receive a feedback signal representative of the output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the secondary control circuit is further coupled to the second switch to control switching of the second switch to transfer energy from the energy transfer element to the output of the power supply, wherein the secondary control circuit is coupled to the second conductor to transmit the one or more control signals in response to the feedback signal, through the magnetic coupling between the first and second conductive loops to the primary control circuit.

19. A switch mode power converter, comprising:

a switching circuit coupled to an input of an energy transfer element and an input of the switch mode power converter;

the energy transfer element coupled between the switching circuit and an output of the switch mode power converter;

a control circuit coupled to the switching circuit to control switching of the switching circuit to regulate a transfer of energy from the input of the switch mode power converter to the output of the switch mode power converter;

a first conductor including a first conductive loop coupled to the control circuit, wherein the first conductor is included in a lead frame of an integrated circuit package;

a second conductor included in the lead frame of the integrated circuit package and galvanically isolated from the first conductor, wherein the second conductor includes a second conductive loop disposed proximate to and magnetically coupled to the first conductive loop to provide a communication link between the first and second conductors, wherein the control circuit is coupled to switch the switching circuit in response to one or more control signals received from the second conductive loop through the magnetic coupling between the first and second conductive loops; and

an isolated flyback converter, wherein the control circuit is a primary control circuit, and wherein the switch mode power converter further comprises a secondary control circuit coupled to receive a feedback signal representative of the output of the switch mode power converter, wherein the one or more control signals is responsive to the feedback signal, and wherein the secondary control circuit is coupled to the second conductor to transmit the one or more control signals through the magnetic coupling between the first and second conductive loops to the primary control circuit.

20. The switch mode power converter of claim 19 wherein the secondary control circuit is further coupled to receive a zero crossing signal from the primary control circuit through the communication link between the first and second conductors.