Ingress-mitigated RF cable plants and ingress mitigation methods for same

• US 8,977,132 B2
• Filed: 09/23/2013
• Issued: 03/10/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/2011
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Certusview Technologies LLC (Dycom Industries Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Certusview Technologies LLC (Dycom Industries Incorporated)
• Inventors: Nielsen, Steven E., Totten, Ronald, Halky, Travis
• Primary Examiner(s): SINGH, DALZID E
• Application Number:
  US14/034,261
• Publication Number:
  US 20140301490A1
• Time in Patent Office: 533 Days
• Field of Search: 398 66- 68, 398 70- 72, 398/115
• US Class Current: 398/115
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/03 Arrangements for fault recovery
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/0773 Network aspects, e.g. central monitoring of transmission parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/1143 Bidirectional transmission
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/2575 Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/25751 Optical arrangements for CATV or video distribution adaptations of television systems for optical transmission H04N7/22
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/46 Monitoring; Testing
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 3/50 Systems for transmission between fixed stations via two-conductor transmission lines H04B3/54 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/00 Time-division multiplex systems H04J14/00 takes precedence; relay systems H04B7/14; selecting techniques H04Q
• CPC Class Codes: H04J 3/1694 Allocation of channels in TDM/TDMA networks, e.g. distributed multiplexers Passive Optical Networks H04Q11/0062
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/08 Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 43/0823 Errors, e.g. transmission errors
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 17/00 Diagnosis, testing or measuring for television systems or their details
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 17/004 for digital television systems
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6118 involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6168 involving cable transmission, e.g. using a cable modem
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/6175 involving transmission via Internet broadcast-related systems characterised by the transmission system being the Internet H04H60/82
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0067 Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
• CPC Class Codes: H04W 52/225 Calculation of statistics, e.g. average, variance

Abstract

An RF hardline coaxial cable plant to facilitate voice and/or data services to subscriber premises in one or more neighborhood nodes of a cable communication system by conveying upstream information over an upstream path bandwidth. One or more upstream radio frequency (RF) signals have a carrier frequency of between approximately 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz and are modulated using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information. An example RF signal defines a channel having an average channel power, and a highest value for an average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth of a given neighborhood node, as measured over at least a 24 hour period, is at least 25 decibels (dB) below the average channel power and/or less than 20 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the neighborhood node.

Claims

1. An RF hardline coaxial cable plant to facilitate voice and/or data services to a plurality of subscriber premises in a first neighborhood node of a cable communication system, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant communicatively coupled to the plurality of subscriber premises via a plurality of subscriber drops, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant conveying at least upstream information from the plurality of subscriber premises over an upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant comprising:

a cascade of at least five (NODE+5); and

at least one ingress-mitigated component including at least one of;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted coaxial cable;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted fitting; and

a repaired, replaced or adjusted electronics component,

wherein;

the upstream information is conveyed on the RF hardline coaxial cable plant via a plurality of upstream radio frequency (RF) signals, each upstream RF signal of the plurality of upstream RF signals including at least one encoded carrier wave having at least one carrier frequency in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node and being modulated, using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information from at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises;

the plurality of upstream RF signals includes a first upstream RF signal having at least one first carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz, and less than or equal to approximately 19.6 MHz, and a second upstream RF signal having a second carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz and less than 19.6 MHz;

the first upstream RF signal defines a first upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the first upstream physical communication channel having a first upstream average channel power,

the second upstream RF signal defines a second upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the second upstream physical communication channel having a second upstream average channel power; and

a highest value for an average noise power on the RF hardline coaxial cable plant between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a headend or an optical/RF converter of the cable communication system to which the RF hardline coaxial cable plant is coupled, is at least 25 decibels (dB) below at least one of the first upstream average channel power and the second upstream average channel power.

2. The plant of claim 1, wherein the highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period, is at least 30 decibels (dB) below the first upstream average channel power.

3. The plant of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the RF hardline coaxial cable plant is underground.

4. The plant of claim 1, wherein the upstream path bandwidth includes a range of frequencies from approximately 5 MHz to at least approximately 42 MHz.

5. The plant of claim 1, wherein:

the first neighborhood node includes at least a first service group including a first number of subscriber premises of the plurality of subscriber premises;

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the first service group;

the first number of subscriber premises included in the first service group is at least 100;

the first upstream physical communication channel has a first deployed capacity (Mbits/s); and

the first voice and/or data information constitutes a first channel utilization index of at least 50% of the first deployed capacity of the first upstream physical communication channel over a predetermined time period.

6. The plant of claim 1, wherein:

the highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period, is at least 34 decibels (dB) below the first upstream average channel power; and

a modulation order of the QAM for the first upstream RF signal is at least 256.

7. The plant of claim 6, wherein an unequalized modulation error ratio (MER) of the first upstream physical communication channel is at least 28 decibels (dB).

8. The plant of claim 1, wherein:

each of the first upstream RF signal and the second upstream RF signal is encoded with at least some of the voice and/or data information using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol or an Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) protocol.

9. The plant of claim 1, wherein an aggregate deployed upstream capacity of the plurality of upstream RF signals to convey, in a portion of the upstream path bandwidth below 16.4 MHz, the at least some of the upstream information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises in the first neighborhood node is at least approximately 12 Megabits per second (Mbits/s).

10. The plant of claim 9, wherein the aggregate deployed upstream capacity of the plurality of upstream RF signals to convey, in a portion of the upstream path bandwidth below 16.4 MHz, the at least some of the upstream information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises in the first neighborhood node is at least 53.76 Mbits/s.

11. The plant of claim 1, wherein a modulation order of the QAM for the first upstream RF signal is selected from a group consisting of 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096.

12. The plant of claim 11, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Reed-Soloman forward error correction code.

13. The plant of claim 11, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) error correction code.

14. The plant of claim 11, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol or an Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) protocol.

15. The plant of claim 11, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (S-CDMA) protocol.

16. The plant of claim 11, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

17. The plant of claim 11, wherein:

a highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period, is less than 10 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the headend or the optical/RF converter of the cable communication system to which the RF hardline coaxial cable plant is coupled.

18. The plant of claim 11, wherein:

a carrier-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (CNIR) of the first upstream physical communication channel is at least 28 decibels (dB); and

an unequalized modulation error ratio (MER) of the first upstream communication channel is at least 22 decibels (dB).

19. A method of facilitating voice and/or data services to a plurality of subscriber premises in a first neighborhood node of a cable communication system by conveying information on an RF hardline coaxial cable plant, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant communicatively coupled to the plurality of subscriber premises via a plurality of subscriber drops, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant conveying at least upstream information from the plurality of subscriber premises over an upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant comprising:

a cascade of at least five (NODE+5); and

at least one ingress-mitigated component including at least one of;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted coaxial cable;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted fitting; and

a repaired, replaced or adjusted electronics component,

the method comprising;

transmitting at least some of the upstream information on the RF hardline coaxial cable plant via a plurality of upstream radio frequency (RF) signals, each upstream RF signal of the plurality of upstream RF signals including at least one encoded carrier wave having at least one carrier frequency in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node and being modulated, using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), with voice and/or data information constituting the at least some of the upstream information from at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises, wherein;

the plurality of upstream RF signals includes a first upstream RF signal having at least one first carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz, and less than or equal to approximately 19.6 MHz, and a second upstream RF signal having a second carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz and less than 19.6 MHz;

the first upstream RF signal defines a first upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the first upstream physical communication channel having a first upstream average channel power,

the second upstream RF signal defines a second upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the second upstream physical communication channel having a second upstream average channel power; and

a highest value for an average noise power on the RF hardline coaxial cable plant between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a headend or an optical/RF converter of the cable communication system to which the RF hardline coaxial cable plant is coupled, is at least 25 decibels (dB) below at least one of the first upstream average channel power and the second upstream average channel power.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein:

the first neighborhood node includes at least a first service group including a first number of subscriber premises of the plurality of subscriber premises;

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the first service group;

the first number of subscriber premises included in the first service group is at least 100;

the first upstream physical communication channel has a first deployed capacity (Mbits/s); and

the first voice and/or data information constitutes a first channel utilization index of at least 50% of the first deployed capacity of the first upstream physical communication channel over a predetermined time period.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein a modulation order of the QAM for the first upstream RF signal is selected from a group consisting of 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Reed-Soloman forward error correction code.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first voice and/or data information is encoded using a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) error correction code.

24. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) protocol or an Advanced Time Division Multiple Access (ATDMA) protocol.

25. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using a Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (S-CDMA) protocol.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein:

the first upstream physical communication channel carries first voice and/or data information from the at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises; and

the first upstream RF signal is encoded with the voice and/or data information using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM).

27. The method of claim 21, wherein:

a highest value for the average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period, is less than 10 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the headend or the optical/RF converter of the cable communication system to which the RF hardline coaxial cable plant is coupled.

28. The method of claim 21, wherein:

a carrier-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (CNIR) of the first upstream physical communication channel is at least 28 decibels (dB); and

an unequalized modulation error ratio (MER) of the first upstream communication channel is at least 22 decibels (dB).

29. An RF hardline coaxial cable plant to facilitate voice and/or data services to a plurality of subscriber premises in a first neighborhood node of a cable communication system, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant communicatively coupled to the plurality of subscriber premises via a plurality of subscriber drops, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant conveying at least upstream information from the plurality of subscriber premises over an upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant comprising:

a cascade of at least five (NODE+5); and

at least one ingress-mitigated component including at least one of;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted coaxial cable;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted fitting; and

a repaired, replaced or adjusted electronics component,

wherein;

the upstream information is conveyed on the RF hardline coaxial cable plant via a plurality of upstream radio frequency (RF) signals, each upstream RF signal of the plurality of upstream RF signals including at least one encoded carrier wave having at least one carrier frequency in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node and being modulated, using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information from at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises;

the plurality of upstream RF signals includes a first upstream RF signal having at least one first carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz, and less than or equal to approximately 19.6 MHz, and a second upstream RF signal having a second carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz and less than 19.6 MHz;

the first upstream RF signal defines a first upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the first upstream physical communication channel having a first upstream average channel power,

the second upstream RF signal defines a second upstream physical communication channel in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the second upstream physical communication channel having a second upstream average channel power; and

a carrier-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (CNIR) of at least one of the first upstream physical communication channel and the second upstream physical communication channel is at least 25 decibels (dB).

30. An RF hardline coaxial cable plant to facilitate voice and/or data services to a plurality of subscriber premises in a first neighborhood node of a cable communication system, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant communicatively coupled to the plurality of subscriber premises via a plurality of subscriber drops, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant conveying at least upstream information from the plurality of subscriber premises over an upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, the RF hardline coaxial cable plant comprising:

a cascade of at least five (NODE+5); and

at least one ingress-mitigated component including at least one of;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted coaxial cable;

a repaired, replaced or adjusted fitting; and

a repaired, replaced or adjusted electronics component,

wherein;

the upstream information is conveyed on the RF hardline coaxial cable plant via a plurality of upstream radio frequency (RF) signals, each upstream RF signal of the plurality of upstream RF signals including at least one encoded carrier wave having at least one carrier frequency in the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node and being modulated, using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), with voice and/or data information constituting at least some of the upstream information from at least some of the plurality of subscriber premises;

the plurality of upstream RF signals includes a first upstream RF signal having at least one first carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz, and less than or equal to approximately 19.6 MHz, and a second upstream RF signal having a second carrier frequency of greater than or equal to approximately 5 MHz and less than 19.6 MHz; and

a highest value for an average noise power between 5 MHz and 19.6 MHz in the upstream path bandwidth, as measured over at least a 24 hour period at a headend or an optical/RF converter of the cable communication system to which the RF hardline coaxial cable plant is coupled, is less than 20 decibels (dB) above a noise floor associated with the upstream path bandwidth assigned to the first neighborhood node, as measured over at least the 24 hour period at the headend or the optical/RF converter of the cable communication system to which the RF hardline coaxial cable plant is coupled.