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Substance monitoring and control in human or animal bodies

  • US 8,977,504 B2
  • Filed: 10/10/2008
  • Issued: 03/10/2015
  • Est. Priority Date: 10/12/2007
  • Status: Active Grant
First Claim
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1. Apparatus for real time control of glucose in a human or an animal, the apparatus comprising:

  • a sensor providing a time series of measurements of glucose level, said measurements being indicative of an inferred level of said glucose in a part of said human or animal,a processor which is adapted to perform the following steps;

    calculate a first estimate of said inferred glucose level from said measured glucose level using a first glucoregulatory system model,calculate a second estimate of said inferred glucose level from said measured glucose level using a second glucoregulatory system model with said second system model being a variation of said first system model, andpredict a combined estimate of the inferred glucose level based on a combination of the first and second estimates,wherein the processor is a state estimator and is adapted to define a state vector for each model, the state vector comprising a set of variables each having an associated uncertainty, the set of variables including a variable representing an unexplained change in glucose level with each model having a different standard deviation in the unexplained change in glucose level;

    wherein the first and second glucoregulatory models each comprise a sub-model of glucose kinetics in the blood of said human or animal, a sub-model of interstitial glucose kinetics, a sub-model of insulin absorption, a sub-model of insulin action and a sub-model of gut absorption; and

    wherein the state vector includes the following states
    xk=(q

    ,k
    ,q

    ,k
    uS,k,Fk,q

    ,k
    )T where q

    ,k
    , q

    ,k
    , and q

    ,k
    represent glucose amounts in the accessible, non-accessible, and interstitial compartments excluding the contribution from meals, us,k is the unexplained glucose influx and Fk is glucose availability, and a dispenser that delivers a specified amount of medication to a user in response to a command from the processor based on the predicted combined estimate of the inferred glucose level.

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