Temperature-independent chemical and biological sensors
First Claim
1. A method of detecting chemical or biological species in a fluid, comprising:
- measuring, with a network analyzer, a real part and an imaginary part of an impedance spectrum of a single resonant sensor antenna coated with a sensing material, wherein temperature-dependent response coefficients of a property of the single resonant sensor antenna and the sensing material are different from one another;
calculating, with a network analyzer, at least six spectral parameters of the single resonant sensor antenna coated with the sensing material at a plurality of temperatures;
reducing, with a first processor configured to perform canonical correlation analysis, regression analysis, nonlinear regression analysis, principal components analysis, discriminate function analysis, multidimensional scaling, linear discriminate analysis, logistic regression, or neural network analysis, the impedance spectrum to a single data point using multivariate analysis to selectively identify an analyte; and
determining, with the first processor or a second processor, one or more environmental parameters from the impedance spectrum using stored calibration coefficients, wherein the determination of the one or more environmental parameters is substantially independent of temperature.
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Abstract
Methods and sensors for selective fluid sensing are provided. A sensor includes a resonant inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) circuit and a sensing material disposed over a sensing region. The sensing region comprises at least a portion of the LCR circuit. Temperature-dependent response coefficients of inductance L, capacitance C, and resistance R properties of the LCR circuit and the sensing material are at least approximately 5 percent different from one another. The difference in the temperature-dependent response coefficients of the properties of the LCR circuit and the sensing material enables the sensor to selectively detect analyte fluids from an analyzed fluid mixture substantially independent of temperature.
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Citations
20 Claims
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1. A method of detecting chemical or biological species in a fluid, comprising:
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measuring, with a network analyzer, a real part and an imaginary part of an impedance spectrum of a single resonant sensor antenna coated with a sensing material, wherein temperature-dependent response coefficients of a property of the single resonant sensor antenna and the sensing material are different from one another; calculating, with a network analyzer, at least six spectral parameters of the single resonant sensor antenna coated with the sensing material at a plurality of temperatures; reducing, with a first processor configured to perform canonical correlation analysis, regression analysis, nonlinear regression analysis, principal components analysis, discriminate function analysis, multidimensional scaling, linear discriminate analysis, logistic regression, or neural network analysis, the impedance spectrum to a single data point using multivariate analysis to selectively identify an analyte; and determining, with the first processor or a second processor, one or more environmental parameters from the impedance spectrum using stored calibration coefficients, wherein the determination of the one or more environmental parameters is substantially independent of temperature. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. A method of manufacturing a sensor, comprising:
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assembling, with at least one inductor, at least one capacitor, and at least one resistor, a transducer comprising a single resonant inductor-capacitor-resistor (LCR) circuit, wherein the transducer comprises at least three temperature-dependent response coefficients of inductance L, capacitance C, and resistance R properties of the single LCR circuit, wherein the at least three temperature-dependent response coefficients of the properties of the single LCR circuit are at least approximately 5 percent different from one another; selecting a sensing material, from at least one of a hydrogel, a sulfonated polymer, an adhesive polymer, an inorganic film, a biological-containing film, a composite film, a nanocomposite film, functionlized carbon nanotube film, film made of surface functionalized gold nanoparticles, electrospun polymeric, inorganic, and composite nanofibers, and/or nanoparticles that have one dielectric property and incorporated in a matrix that has another dielectric property, wherein the sensing material comprises at least two temperature-dependent response coefficients of dielectric constant and resistance properties of the sensing material, wherein the at least two temperature-dependent response coefficients of the properties of the sensing material are at least approximately 5 percent different from the at least three temperature-dependent response coefficients of the properties of the single LCR circuit; disposing, by draw-coating, drop coating, or spraying processes, the sensing material over a sensing region, wherein the sensing region comprises at least a portion of the single LCR circuit. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12)
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13. A method of detecting analytes in a fluid, comprising:
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acquiring, with a network analyzer, an impedance spectrum over a resonant frequency range of a single resonant sensor circuit having a sensing material, wherein temperature-dependent response coefficients of a property of the single resonant sensor circuit and the sensing material are different from one another; and calculating, using a processor configured to perform principal components analysis, a multivariate signature from the acquired impedance spectrum. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20)
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Specification