System and method for avoiding undersensing of ventricular fibrillation

• US 9,002,443 B2
• Filed: 03/15/2013
• Issued: 04/07/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 03/15/2013
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Zhang, Xusheng, Brown, Mark L., DeGroot, Paul J., Greenhut, Saul E., Jackson, Troy E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Layno, Carl H
• Assistant Examiner(s): PIATESKI, ERIN M
• Application Number:
  US13/833,171
• Publication Number:
  US 20140276160A1
• Time in Patent Office: 753 Days
• Field of Search: 607/8, 607/28, 324/649, 600/518
• US Class Current: 600/518
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/35 by template matching
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/361 Detecting fibrillation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/363 Detecting tachycardia or bradycardia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6869 Heart
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3621 for treating or preventing abnormally high heart rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/395 for treating atrial fibrillation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3956 Implantable devices for applying electric shocks to the heart, e.g. for cardioversion

Abstract

A medical device and associated method for detecting and treating tachyarrhythmias acquires a cardiac signal using electrodes coupled to a sensing module. Cardiac events are sensed from the cardiac signal and a processing module computes a first morphology metric for each sensed cardiac event occurring during a time segment of the cardiac signal. The first morphology metrics corresponding to an event originating in a ventricular chamber are counted. The first processing module computes a second morphology metric for the time segment of the cardiac signal in response to the count of the first morphology metrics meeting a threshold number of events. The time segment is classified as a shockable segment in response to the second morphology metric meeting a detection criterion.

Claims

1. A medical device for detecting and treating tachyarrhythmia, comprising:

a plurality of electrodes to sense a cardiac signal;

a sensing module coupled to the plurality of electrodes to sense cardiac events in response to the cardiac signal;

a first processing module coupled to the sensing module and configured to;

determine a first morphology metric for each sensed cardiac event occurring during a time segment of the cardiac signal;

determine a count of the first morphology metrics corresponding to an event originating in a ventricular chamber;

determine a second morphology metric for the time segment of the cardiac signal in response to the count of the first morphology metrics meeting a threshold number of events; and

classify the time segment as a shockable segment in response to the second morphology metric meeting a detection criterion;

the first processing module further configured to generate only a ventricular fibrillation detection signal in response to the time segment being classified as a shockable segment;

a second processing module configured to determine a number of tachyarrhythmia intervals between the sensed cardiac events in parallel to the first processing module computing of the first morphology metrics,

the second processing module further configured to detect a tachyarrhythmia in response to determining the number of tachyarrhythmia intervals; and

override the tachyarrhythmia detection when a shockable rhythm is detected by the first processing module in response to the number of time segments meeting the detection threshold.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the second processing module is further configured to:

responsive to detecting a tachyarrhythmia, determine a third morphology metric in response to the sensed cardiac signal;

classify the tachyarrhythmia as one of a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia,

ventricular tachyarrhythmia and ventricular fibrillation;

the control module further configured to respond to the classified tachyarrhythmia in the absence of the first processing module detecting a shockable rhythm in response to the number of time segments.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein determining the first morphology metric comprises setting a morphology window encompassing the sensed event and determining during the window at least one of a sensed event width, a sensed event amplitude, and a similarity to a morphology template.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein determining the second morphology metric comprises determining across the time segment at least one of a low slope content and a frequency content.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the first processing module is configured to provide only a single tachyarrhythmia detection output signal corresponding only to ventricular fibrillation in response to detecting the shockable rhythm, and

wherein the second processing module is configured to provide multiple tachyarrhythmia detection signals selected one at a time from a supraventricular tachycardia output signal, a ventricular tachycardia output signal and a ventricular fibrillation output signal based on the determined number of tachyarrhythmia intervals and the outcome of the third morphology analysis.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first processing module is further configured to:

determine a number of time segments classified as a shockable segment; and

detect a shockable rhythm in response to the number of time segments meeting a detection threshold.

7. The device of claim 6, further comprising:

an activity sensor for sensing an activity signal; and

the first processing module coupled to the activity sensor and further configured to, in response to detecting an activity signal above a low activity threshold, inhibit the counting of the time segment as a shockable segment.

8. The device of claim 6, wherein the first processing module is further configured to:

detect a rhythm breaking condition during the time segment; and

responsive to detecting the rhythm breaking condition, inhibit counting the time segment as a shockable segment.

9. The device of claim 6, further comprising

a signal generator coupled to the electrodes;

and

a control module coupled to the first processing module and the signal generator and configured to control the signal generator to deliver a defibrillation shock in response to the first processing module detecting the shockable rhythm.

10. A non-transitory, computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions, which when executed by a processor of a medical device causes the device to:

determining a cardiac signal using a plurality of electrodes coupled to a sensing module;

determine cardiac events in response to the cardiac signal;

determine a first morphology metric for each sensed cardiac event occurring during a time segment of the cardiac signal;

determine a count of the first morphology metrics corresponding to an event originating in a ventricular chamber;

determine a second morphology metric for the time segment of the cardiac signal in response to the count of the first morphology metrics meeting a threshold number of events; and

classify the time segment as a shockable segment in response to the second morphology metric meeting a detection criterion; and

generate only a ventricular fibrillation detection signal in response to the time segment being classified as a shockable segment

determine a number of tachyarrhythmia intervals between the sensed cardiac events in parallel to the computing of the first morphology metrics,

detect a tachyarrhythmia in response to determining the number of tachyarrhythmia intervals; and

override the tachyarrhythmia detection when a shockable rhythm is detected by the first processing module in response to the number of time segments meeting the detection threshold.

11. A medical device, comprising:

a plurality of electrodes;

a sensing module coupled to the plurality of electrodes for sensing a cardiac signal;

a therapy delivery module coupled to the plurality of electrode for delivering a therapy;

a first processing module coupled to the sensing module and configured to;

determine a first morphology metric for each individual one of a plurality of cardiac events occurring during a time segment of the cardiac signal,

classify each individual one of the plurality of cardiac events as at least one of a supraventricular beat and a ventricular beat by comparing each of the first morphology metrics to beat classification criteria,

responsive to a minimum number of the individual ones of the plurality of cardiac events being classified as ventricular beats, determining a second morphology metric by analyzing signal samples across the n-second segment independent of identifying the cardiac events,

classify the time segment as a shockable segment in response to the second morphology metric meeting a detection criterion, and

generate an output signal in response to the time segment being classified as a shockable segment wherein the output signal is only a ventricular fibrillation detection output signal; and

a second processing module coupled to the sensing module and configured to;

determine intervals between cardiac events of the cardiac signal in parallel to the first processing module determining the first morphology metrics,

determine a count of the determined intervals meeting tachyarrhythmia criteria,

in response to the count meeting ventricular tachycardia criteria determining a third morphology metric of the cardiac signal, and

generate an output signal selected from a supraventricular tachycardia output signal, a ventricular tachycardia output signal, and a ventricular fibrillation output signal in response to the count meeting the tachyarrhythmia criteria and in response to the morphology metric if it is determined; and

a control module configured to receive the first processing module output signal and the second processing module output signal and make a therapy decision for controlling the therapy delivery module based on the first processing module output signal and the second processing output signal.