Method, device and system for modulating an activity of brown adipose tissue in a vertebrate subject

• US 9,011,510 B2
• Filed: 05/09/2011
• Issued: 04/21/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 05/09/2011
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Gearbox LLC (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Original Assignee: The Invention Science Fund I, L.L.C. (Intellectual Ventures LLC)
• Inventors: Boyden, Edward S., Hyde, Roderick A., Ishikawa, Muriel Y., Jung, Edward K. Y., Leuthardt, Eric C., Malaska, Stephen L., Sweeney, Elizabeth A., Wood, Lowell L. Jr.
• Primary Examiner(s): Stoklosa, Joseph
• Assistant Examiner(s): AVIGAN, ADAM JOSEPH
• Application Number:
  US13/068,422
• Publication Number:
  US 20120289757A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,443 Days
• Field of Search: 607/96, 607105-106, 607/113
• US Class Current: 607/113
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0002 Head or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0011 Neck only
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0056 for cooling
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0075 using a Peltier element, e.g. near the spot to be heated or cooled
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/009 with a varying magnetic field acting upon the human body, e.g. an implant therein
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0093 programmed
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0226 adhesive, self-sticking
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/0233 connected to or incorporated in clothing or garments A61F2007/023 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/029 Fat cell removal or destruction by non-ablative heat treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/101 for cooling organs in the body before or during surgery
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2007/126 for invasive application, e.g. for introducing into blood vessels
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 7/007 characterised by electric heating
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 7/02 Compresses or poultices for effecting heating or cooling
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 7/106 self-cooling, e.g. using a chemical reaction
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 7/12 Devices for heating or cooling internal body cavities
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/0534 Electrodes for deep brain stimulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3605 Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/36053 adapted for vagal stimulation A61N1/36114 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2/002 in combination with another treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2/004 specially adapted for a specific therapy
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 2007/0008 : Destruction of fat cells
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/025 : Warming the body, e.g. hyperthermia treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 5/04 : Radiators for near-field treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 7/00 : Ultrasound therapy lithotripsy A61B17/22, A61B17/225; massage using supersonic vibration A61H23/00 ; using ultrasound for introducing media into the body A61M37/0092

Abstract

Devices, systems, and methods are disclosed herein for treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition in a vertebrate subject. A device is provided that includes one or more cooling elements configured to be applied to one or more tissues of a vertebrate subject to modulate at least one activity of brown adipose tissue of the vertebrate subject, wherein at least a portion of the one or more cooling elements is configured to be implantable, and a programmable controller configured to provide instructions to the one or more cooling elements in response to information regarding one or more physiological conditions of the vertebrate subject.

Claims

1. A method for modulating an activity of a brown adipose tissue in a vertebrate subject comprising:

inducing non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue by applying cooling to one or more tissues of the vertebrate subject with one or more cooling elements, wherein the one or more cooling elements are configured to lower the temperature of the one or more tissues and thereby induce non-shivering thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue of the vertebrate subject, wherein at least a portion of the one or more cooling elements is implanted into the one or more tissues,

and controlling the one or more cooling elements with a programmable controller configured to provide instructions to the one or more cooling elements in response to information regarding one or more physiological conditions of the vertebrate subject, the one or more physiological conditions of the vertebrate subject including a plasma level of one or more metabolic analytes.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing with one or more sensors the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions and communicating the information from the one or more sensors to the programmable controller.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising sensing with one or more sensors the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions and communicating the information from the one or more sensors to a digital processing unit, processing the information with the digital processing unit into at least one resulting instruction, and providing by the digital processing unit the at least one resulting instruction to the programmable controller.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein processing the information with the digital processing unit includes comparing the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions to information of a standard value or preprogrammed value.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions from an outside operating source to a receiver including at least one of the programmable controller or a digital processing unit.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the outside operating source includes a computing device or a human operator.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions includes a sugar level or a fatty acid level in the vertebrate subject.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising implanting the programmable controller in the vertebrate subject.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising implanting the programmable controller within a lumen of the vertebrate subject.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising implanting at least a portion of one or more cooling elements within a lumen of the vertebrate subject.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising implanting the at least a portion of one or more cooling elements within a circulatory vessel of the vertebrate subject.

12. The method of claim 10, further comprising implanting the at least a portion of one or more cooling elements within a colon or a large intestine of the vertebrate subject.

13. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more tissues include thermoresponsive tissue of the vertebrate subject.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more tissues include nervous tissue of the vertebrate subject.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more tissues include a cutaneous tissue of the vertebrate subject.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more tissues include brown adipose tissue.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more tissues include tissue in a core of the body of the vertebrate subject.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more tissues includes one or more blood vessels or lymph vessels.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more cooling elements are configured to cool by electrical cooling activity.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the one or more cooling elements are configured to cool by Peltier cooling activity.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the one or more cooling elements are configured to cool by heat pumps.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the one or more heat pumps are configured to transfer heat to one or more tissues including blood or skin of the vertebrate subject.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more cooling elements are configured to cool by one or more implantable deep tissue heat-extracting components in combination with one or more surface tissue heat-releasing components.

24. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more cooling elements are configured to cool by chemical cooling activity.

25. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more cooling elements include one or more of nanoparticles, microparticles, paramagnetic particles, magnetic particles, or chemical core particles.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the one or more chemical core particles include endothermal chemical reactants.

27. The method of claim 1, further comprising injecting the implantable portion of the one or more cooling elements.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more implantable cooling elements include one or more endothermic biodegradable particles.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the one or more endothermic biodegradable particles include one or more solid ice (H₂O) particles.

30. The method of claim 1, further comprising cooling the tissue with the one or more implantable cooling elements to attain a tissue temperature from approximately 4°

C. to approximately 36°

C.

31. The method of claim 1, further comprising cooling the tissue with the one or more implantable cooling elements to attain a tissue temperature from approximately 12°

C. to approximately 20°

C.

32. The method of claim 1, further comprising cooling the tissue with the one or more implantable cooling elements to attain a tissue temperature from approximately 24°

C. to approximately 32°

C.

33. The method of claim 1, further comprising cooling the tissue with the one or more implantable cooling elements to attain a tissue temperature approximately 16°

C. or lower.

34. The method of claim 1, wherein the programmable controller is incorporated in clothing, bedding, furniture, or upholstery.

35. The method of claim 1, further comprising powering the one or more cooling elements and programmable controller with a power source.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the power source includes stored power, a battery, a fuel cell, or beamed power.

37. The method of claim 1, wherein the vertebrate subject is undergoing treatment for at least one of weight loss, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, or hypercholesterolemia.

38. The method of claim 1 further comprising applying one or more medicaments for treatment of weight loss, metabolic disorder, diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, or hypercholesterolemia, to the one or more tissues in combination with the one or more cooling elements of the device.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the one or more medicaments include one or more of β

-adrenergic receptor agonist, NPY antagonist, leptin, UCP activating agent, thyroxine, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, MCH antagonist, GLP-1 agonist, 5-HT_2C agonist, 5-HT_2A agonist, galanin antagonist, CRF agonist, urocortin agonist, melanocortin agonist or enterostatin agonist.

40. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying neurostimulation with a neurostimulator to the one or more tissues.

41. The method of claim 1, further comprising applying neurostimualtion with a neurostimulator to one or more second tissues other than the one or more tissues.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein the one or more other tissues include nerve tissue.

43. The method of claim 41, wherein the neurostimulator is one of an electric neurostimulator, magnetic neurostimulator, ultrasonic neurostimulator, or microwave neurostimulator.

44. A method for inducing weight loss in a vertebrate subject:

inducing non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue by applying cooling to one or more tissues of the vertebrate subject with one or more cooling elements, wherein the one or more cooling elements are configured to lower the temperature of the one or more tissues and thereby induce non-shivering thermogenesis in the brown adipose tissue of the vertebrate subject, wherein at least a portion of the one or more cooling elements is implanted into the one or more tissues,

and controlling the one or more cooling elements with a programmable controller configured to provide instructions to the one or more cooling elements in response to information regarding one or more physiological conditions of the vertebrate subject, the one or more physiological conditions of the vertebrate subject including a glucose level.

45. The method of claim 44, further comprising sensing with one or more sensors the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions and communicating the information from the one or more sensors to the programmable controller.

46. The method of claim 44, further comprising sensing with one or more sensors the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions and communicating the information from the one or more sensors to a digital processing unit, processing the information with the digital processing unit into at least one resulting instruction, and providing by the digital processing unit the at least one resulting instruction to the programmable controller.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein processing the information with the digital processing unit includes comparing the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions to information of a standard value or preprogrammed value.

48. The method of claim 44, further comprising receiving the information regarding the one or more physiological conditions from an outside operating source to a receiver including at least one of the programmable controller or a digital processing unit.