Ligand exchange thermochromic, (LETC), systems

• US 9,011,734 B2
• Filed: 09/12/2011
• Issued: 04/21/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 09/01/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Pleotint LLC
• Original Assignee: Pleotint LLC
• Inventors: Byker, Harlan J., Ogburn, Paul H. Jr., Vander Griend, Douglas A., Veldkamp, Brad S., Winkle, Derick D.
• Primary Examiner(s): Ahvazi, Bijan
• Application Number:
  US13/230,435
• Publication Number:
  US 20120001134A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,317 Days
• Field of Search: 252/408.1, 252/583, 345/106, 359/265, 359/288, 359/289, 359/321, 359/273, 359/275, 546/10
• US Class Current: 252/583
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10005 laminated safety glass or glazing
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10036 comprising two outer glass sheets
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10174 Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10477 thermochromic
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10651 comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10678 comprising UV absorbers or stabilizers, e.g. antioxidants
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 17/10761 containing vinyl acetal
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2367/00 Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
• CPC Class Codes: B32B 2369/00 Polycarbonates
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 2211/187 of the iron group metals, i.e. Fe, Co or Ni
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 9/02 Organic tenebrescent materials
• CPC Class Codes: G02F 1/0147 based on thermo-optic effects G02F1/132 takes precedence

Abstract

Ligand exchange of thermochromic, LETC, systems exhibiting a reversible change in absorbance of electromagnetic radiation as the temperature of the system is reversibly changed are described. The described LETC systems include one or more than one transition metal ion, which experiences thermally induced changes in the nature of the complexation or coordination around the transition metal ion(s) and, thereby, the system changes its ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation as the temperature changes.

Claims

1. A thermochromic system comprising:

a) Co(II)

b) a first ligand comprising a diol, a triol or a polyol;

c) a second ligand comprising an oxygen containing ligand or a sulfur-containing ligand, wherein the second ligand is capable of coordinating to a transition metal ion through oxygen or sulfur;

wherein the system has a reversible, net increase in its ability to absorb light energy in the 400 nm to 1400 nm range due to an increase in concentration of a coordination compound between Co(II) and the second ligand as the temperature of the system is increased.

2. The thermochromic system of claim 1, wherein the second ligand comprises a phosphinate anion, a carboxylate anion, or a thiophosphinate anion.

3. The thermochromic system of claim 2, wherein the anion is a phosphinate anion selected from the group consisting of anions of the following structure and mixtures thereof:

4. The thermochromic system of claim 2, wherein the second ligand comprises the phosphinate anion provided as salts of alkali metal cations, quaternary ammonium cations or quaternary phosphonium cations.

5. The thermochromic system of claim 4, wherein the phosphinate anion is selected from the group consisting of bis(hydroxymethyl)phosphinate, bis(4-Methoxyphenyl)phosphinate, methylphenylphosphinate, diphenylphosphinate, dimethylphosphinate and mixtures thereof.

6. The thermochromic system of claim 2, wherein the second ligand comprises the thiophosphinate anion.

7. The thermochromic system of claim 2, wherein the second ligand comprises the carboxylate anion.

8. The thermochromic system of claim 7, wherein the carboxylate anion is selected from the group consisting of acetate, trifluoroacetate, benzoate 2-methoxybenzoate, salicylate malonate, succinate, phthalate and mixtures thereof.

9. The thermochromic system of claim 1, wherein the second ligand comprises a phosphine oxide or a phosphine sulfide.

10. The thermochromic system of claim 9, wherein the phosphine oxide is selected from the group consisting of hexamethylphosphoramide, tributylphosphine oxide, triphenylphosphine oxide and mixtures thereof.

11. The thermochromic system of claim 1, wherein the second ligand comprises a nitrate anion, a pyridine-N-oxide or a phenolate anion.

12. The thermochromic systems of claim 1, wherein the first ligand is represented by the following structure:

13. The thermochromic system of claim 12, wherein the first ligand is selected from the group consisting of trimetholmethane, trimethylolethane, trimethylpropane, trimethylolbutane, pentaerythritol, di-pentaerythritol, trimethyloInitromethane, trimethylolaminomethane and mixtures thereof.

14. The thermochromic systems of claim 1, wherein the first ligand is represented by the following structure:

15. The thermochromic system of claim 14, wherein the first ligand is a diol ligand selected from the group consisting of 1,3-Cyclohexanediol;

1,1-Bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropane;

2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid;

2,2-Dibutyl-1,3-propanediol;

2,2-Diethyl-1,3-propanediol;

2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol;

2,4-Dimethyl-2,4-pentanediol;

2,4-Pentanediol;

2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol;

Serinol;

2-Butyl-2-Ethyl-1,3-propanediol;

2-Ethyl-1,3-hexanediol;

2-Methyl-1,3-propanediol;

2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol;

2-Methyl-2-propyl-1,3-propanediol;

2-Methylenepropane-1,3-diol;

2-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol;

Cyclohex-3-ene-1,1-diyldimethanol;

3-Methyl-1,3-butanediol;

3-Methyl-2,4-heptanediol;

[2-(2-phenylethyl)-1,3-dioxane-5,5-diyl]dimethanol;

Neopentyl Glycol;

Trimethylolpropane allyl ether and mixtures thereof.

16. The thermochromic systems of claim 1, wherein the thermochromic system comprises a polymer.

17. The thermochromic system of claim 16, wherein the polymer is selected from cellulose hydroxyethyl ether;

cellulose carboxymethyl ether salt;

hydroxy-substituted acrylates;

poly(vinylacetate);

poly(vinylalcohol);

poly(vinyl butyral);

poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate);

poly(1-glycerol methacrylate);

hydroxyalkylcelluloses;

urethanes;

poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline);

poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone);

poly(ethylene-co-vinylalcohol);

poly(vinyl methyl ether);

poly(vinylbutyral-co-vinylalcohol-co-vinylacetate);

polyacrylamide;

poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide);

polyvinylpyridines and copolymers which involve the aforesaid polymer functionalities.