Three dimensional RF signatures

• US 9,013,308 B2
• Filed: 11/13/2012
• Issued: 04/21/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 09/22/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Inventors: Ashwood-Smith, Peter, Montuno, Delfin Y., Dasylva, Abel
• Primary Examiner(s): Backer, Firmin
• Assistant Examiner(s): WILSON, BRIAN P
• Application Number:
  US13/675,771
• Publication Number:
  US 20130088355A1
• Time in Patent Office: 889 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 340/572.1
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/758 using a signal generator powered by the interrogation signal
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/0247 Determining attitude
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07749 the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/07767 the first and second communication means being two different antennas types, e.g. dipole and coil type, or two antennas of the same kind but operating at different frequencies
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10079 the collision being resolved in the spatial domain, e.g. temporary shields for blindfolding the interrogator in specific directions
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/2428 Tag details

Abstract

Method and systems to detect tampering in a physical article are described herein. A method includes receiving, at a first point in time, at least two response signals from at least one RF tag in a set of RF tags associated with the physical article; forming a first response signature for the physical article based on the received response signals; receiving a second response signal from at least one other RF tag in the set of RF tags associated with the physical article at a second point in time; assessing a relative spacing between the RF tags associated with the physical article has changed from the first point in time to the second point in time; and determining tampering of the physical article as a result of the spacing assessment.

Claims

1. A method of detecting tampering of a physical article, the method comprising:

receiving, at a first point in time, at least two response signals from at least one Radio Frequency (RF) tag in a set of RF tags on the physical article, wherein the at least two response signals include an RF tag code and an indication of an electrical characteristic of the at least one RF tag;

forming a first response RF signature for the physical article based on the RF tag code and the indication of the electrical characteristic of the at least one RF tag;

receiving a second response signal from at least one other RF tag in the set of RF tags on the physical article at a second point in time;

forming a second response RF signature for the physical article based on the received second response signal;

assessing a relative spacing between the at least one RF tag and the at least one other RF tag on the physical article has changed from the first point in time to the second point in time based on a comparison between the first and second response RF signatures; and

determining tampering of the physical article as a result of the relative spacing assessment.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one RF tag comprises:

at least two non-coplanar power coils; and

a circuit connected to the at least two non-coplanar power coils, the circuit configured to;

detect the electrical characteristic of the at least one RF tag, wherein said detecting comprises detecting at least one electrical characteristic from at least two of the non-coplanar power coils; and

transmit the RF tag code and the indication of the electrical characteristic to a RF tag reader, wherein said transmitting the electrical characteristic comprises transmitting the at least one electrical characteristic.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one electrical characteristic is at least one of power, current, and voltage.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one electrical characteristic is the same for each of the at least two non-coplanar power coils.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least two non-coplanar power coils comprise at least three non-coplanar power coils, at least three of which are formed on orthogonal planes.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein power from each of the at least two non-coplanar power coils is used to provide power to the circuit.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein at least one of the RF tags of the set of RF tags is a passive RF tag.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first response RF signature comprises a three dimensional RF signature, and wherein the method comprises determining an orientation of the physical article based on the three dimensional RF signature.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising directing electromagnetic radiation toward the physical article.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first response RF signature depends on the orientation of the at least one RF tag relative to a directed electromagnetic radiation.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first response RF signature depends on the position of the at least one RF tag on the physical article.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the first response RF signature depends on the path of motion of the physical article.

13. A Radio Frequency (RF) tag system, comprising:

at least two RF tags, wherein at least one RF tag of the at least two RF tags comprises;

at least two non-coplanar power coils; and

a circuit connected to the at least two non-coplanar power coils, the circuit configured to detect at least one electrical characteristic from at least two of the non-coplanar power coils;

a RF tag reader configured to;

receive, at a first point in time, at least two response signals from the at least one RF tag, wherein the at least two response signals include an RF tag code and an indication of the detected at least one electrical characteristic from the circuit;

form a first RF signature for a physical article based on the received RF tag code and indication of the detected at least one electrical characteristic;

receive a second response signal from at least one other RF tag of the at least two RF tags on the physical article at a second point in time;

form a second RF signature for the physical article based on the received second response signal;

assess a relative spacing between the at least one RF tag and the at least one other RF tag on the physical article has changed from the first point in time to the second point in time based on a comparison between the first and second RF signatures; and

determine tampering of the physical article as a result of the relative spacing assessment.

14. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one electrical characteristic is at least one of power, current, and voltage.

15. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least one electrical characteristic is the same for the at least two non-coplanar power coils.

16. The system of claim 13, wherein the at least two non-coplanar power coils comprise at least three non-coplanar power coils, at least three of which are formed on orthogonal planes.

17. The system of claim 13, wherein power from at least one of the at least two non-coplanar power coils is used to provide power to the circuit.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein at least one of the at least two RF tags is a passive RF tag.

19. The system of claim 13, wherein all of the RF tags are passive RF tags.

20. The system of claim 13, wherein the RF tag reader is configured to determine a three-dimensional response RF signature for the physical article based on the at least two response signals from at least one of the at least two RF tags.