X-ray scanners

• US 9,020,095 B2
• Filed: 07/13/2012
• Issued: 04/28/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Rapiscan Systems Incorporated (OSI Systems Incorporated)
• Inventors: Morton, Edward James
• Primary Examiner(s): THOMAS, COURTNEY D
• Application Number:
  US13/548,873
• Publication Number:
  US 20130028372A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,019 Days
• Field of Search: 378/9, 378/19, 378/57, 378/69
• US Class Current: 378/57
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/032 Transmission computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4014 arranged in multiple source-detector units
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 6/4488 Means for cooling A61B6/045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2223/419 computed tomograph
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 23/046 using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/22 Active interrogation, i.e. by irradiating objects or goods using external radiation sources, e.g. using gamma rays or cosmic rays
• CPC Class Codes: G01V 5/226 using tomography
• CPC Class Codes: H05G 1/70 Circuit arrangements for X-ray tubes with more than one anode; Circuit arrangements for apparatus comprising more than one X ray tube or more than one cathode H05G1/58 takes precedence

Abstract

The present application discloses an X-ray scanner having an X-ray source arranged to emit X-rays from source points through an imaging volume. The scanner may further include an array of X-ray detectors which may be arranged around the imaging volume and may be arranged to output detector signals in response to the detection of X-rays. The scanner may further include a conveyor arranged to convey an object through the imaging volume in a scan direction, and may also include at least one processor arranged to process the detector signals to produce an image data set defining an image of the object. The image may have a resolution in the scan direction that is at least 90% as high as in one direction, and in some cases two directions, orthogonal to the scan direction.

Claims

1. An X-ray scanner comprising

X-ray sources arranged to emit X-rays from a plurality of source points through an imaging volume;

an array of X-ray detectors arranged around the imaging volume and arranged to output detector signals in response to the detection of X-rays;

a conveyor arranged to convey an object through the imaging volume in a scan direction; and

at least one processor arranged to process the detector signals to produce an image data set defining a three-dimensional image of the object, wherein said image is generated with a conveyor speed of 0.25 m/s to 1.0 m/s, a pixel size of 1.5 mm×

1.5 mm×

1.5 mm or less, and a signal-to-noise ratio of 50 or better.

2. The X-ray scanner of claim 1 wherein the image has a resolution that is at least 90% as high in the scan direction as in at least one orthogonal direction.

3. The X-ray scanner according to claim 2 wherein the resolution in the scan direction is substantially equal to the resolution in two orthogonal directions.

4. The X-ray scanner according to claim 1 wherein the source points are arranged in a plane perpendicular to the scan direction.

5. The X-ray scanner according to claim 1 wherein the detectors of the array are located in a common plane which is perpendicular to the scan direction.

6. The X-ray scanner according to claim 1 wherein the detector array is offset from the source points in the scan direction.

7. The X-ray scanner according to claim 1 wherein the detector array is at least two detectors wide in the scan direction.

8. The X-ray scanner according to claim 7 wherein the detector array is arranged in a plurality of rings, wherein the rings are in separate planes.

9. The X-ray scanner according to claim 8 wherein the planes are spaced from each other in the scan direction.

10. The X-ray scanner according to claim 7 wherein the detectors have a width and each detector is offset from one adjacent to it in the scan direction.

11. The X-ray scanner according to claim 10 wherein each detector has an offset that is less than the detector'"'"'s width.

12. The X-ray scanner according to claim 1 further comprising a controller arranged to activate the source points in a predetermined sequence once in each of a sequence of scan cycles.

13. The X-ray scanner according to claim 12 wherein the controller is arranged to control the frequency of the scan cycles so that it takes an integer number of scan periods for the object to move a distance in the scan direction equal to the spacing of the detectors in the scan direction.

14. The X-ray scanner according to claim 13 wherein the integer is greater than 1.

15. The X-ray according to claim 12 wherein the scan cycle has a frequency and wherein the frequency is variable such that resolution in the scan direction can be adjusted.

16. The X-ray scanner according to claim 15 wherein the controller is arranged to adjust the scan frequency so as to provide a constant resolution in the scan direction for a plurality of object speeds.

17. A mobile scanning system comprising a vehicle comprising a body and a scanner housed within the body wherein the scanner comprises the X-ray scanner of claim 1.