Utility grid, controller, and method for controlling the power generation in a utility grid

• US 9,020,650 B2
• Filed: 02/13/2007
• Issued: 04/28/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 02/13/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: GE Infrastructure Technology, LLC (General Electric Company)
• Original Assignee: General Electric Company
• Inventors: Bcker, Andreas, Ltze, Hans Henning
• Primary Examiner(s): Shechtman, Sean
• Assistant Examiner(s): GARLAND, STEVEN R
• Application Number:
  US11/674,199
• Publication Number:
  US 20080195255A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,996 Days
• Field of Search: 700/286, 700/288, 700/295, 700/291, 290/44
• US Class Current: 700/291
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 7/0284 in relation to the state of the electric grid
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/255 connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
• CPC Class Codes: F03D 9/257 the wind motor being part of a wind farm
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2250/36 in inner-outer relationship, e.g. shaft-bearing arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: F05B 2270/337 Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 30/0283 Price estimation or determination
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/10 The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/20 The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/24 of photovoltaic origin
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2300/28 The renewable source being wind energy wind motors F03D
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/381 Dispersed generators
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 3/466 Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/56 Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/72 Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 10/76 Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 80/14 District level solutions, i.e. local energy networks
• CPC Class Codes: Y04S 50/14 Marketing, i.e. market research and analysis, surveying, promotions, advertising, buyer profiling, customer management or rewards

Abstract

A utility grid is provided, the utility grid including a centralized controller; an intermittent renewable energy source for generating electrical power; at least one further power generation system; and a local controller for controlling the total power output of the intermittent renewable energy source and the at least one further power generation system, wherein the centralized controller is connected with the local controller and adapted to request a desired total power output from the local controller.

Claims

1. A utility grid serving a plurality of geographical regions, the utility grid comprising:

a plurality of intermittent renewable power sources for generating electrical power, each of the intermittent, renewable power sources being associated with at least one respective further power generation system to serve a respective geographical region of the geographical regions within the utility grid, and a local controller configured to control the total local power output of the respective intermittent renewable power source and the at least one respective further power generation system, wherein each of the local controllers comprises a forecasting device and a total local power output estimator configured to estimate a total local power output within a predetermined forecasting horizon, wherein each of the intermittent renewable power sources and the at least one respective further power generation system are of different types; and

a centralized control connected with the local controllers and configured to request a respective desired total local power output from each of the local controllers, and take a countermeasure in response to an indication that at least one of the local controllers is unable to provide the respective desired local power output within the predetermined forecasting horizon.

2. The utility grid according to claim 1, wherein each intermittent renewable power source includes at least;

one of a wind power system and a solar power system.

3. The utility grid according to claim 1, wherein the at least one respective further power generation system is a dispatchable system selected from the group consisting of a coal-fired power plant, a steam plant, a combustible fluid plant, a hydropower plant, a gas turbine power station, a biogas plant, a nuclear power plant, a power storage plant or device and any combination thereof.

4. The utility grid according to claim 1, wherein each of the local controllers is adapted for controlling the respective total local power output to vary according to a schedule prescribed by the centralized control.

5. The utility grid according to claim 1, wherein each of the local controllers is adapted for controlling the respective total local power output to be within a predetermined range or to be substantially constant.

6. The utility grid according to claim 1, Wherein each of the local controllers is connected with at least one sensor adapted for measuring at least one grid variable selected from the group consisting of:

active power, reactive power, power output of the plurality of intermittent renewable power sources, power output of alternate power generation system, current, voltage, frequency, power factor, and rate of change of power, and wherein the local controller is adapted to control the respective total local power output at least partially based on the at least one grid variable.

7. The utility grid according to claim 1, wherein each of the local controllers is connected with at least one sensor indicative of at least one environmental condition selected from the group consisting of:

wind, speed, air density, irradiance, atmospheric turbulence, rain condition, snow condition, air temperature, and humidity, and wherein the local controller is adapted to control the respective total local power output at least partially based on the at least one environmental condition.

8. The utility grid according to claim 7, wherein the forecasting device is configured to provide a forecasting variable which is selected from the group consisting of:

a weather forecast, a storm warning, wind speed, irradiance, air density, atmospheric turbulence, rain condition, snow condition, air temperature, humidity, and a dispatch schedule, and wherein each of the local controllers is configured to control the respective total local power output at least partially based on the forecasting variable.

9. The utility grid according to claim 8, wherein the predetermined forecasting horizon is based on the at least one forecasting variable.

10. The utility grid according to claim 9, wherein each of the local controllers comprises:

a reporting device adapted to report to the centralized control at least one of;

whether a respective desired total power output can be generated by the respective intermittent renewable power source and the at least one respective further power generation system, and the respective estimated total local power output within the predetermined forecasting horizon.

11. The utility grid according to claim 1, wherein the local controller is configured to adjust respective total local power output of the respective intermittent renewable power source and the at least one respective further power generation system at least partially based on at least one economic efficiency variable, and wherein the at least one economic efficiency variable is selected from the group consisting of:

a cost of operation, a fuel price, a market price of electrical energy, and a power transmission fee.

12. A method of controlling power generation in a utility grid serving a plurality of geographical regions, the method comprising the steps of:

transmitting a desired total power output from a centralized grid control to a local controller;

generating electrical power for one of the geographical regions within the utility grid using an intermittent renewable power source;

generating electrical power for the one of the geographical regions using at least one respective other power source, wherein the intermittent renewable power source and the at least one respective other power source are of different types;

controlling the total local power output of the intermittent renewable power source and the at least one respective other power source so that the total local power output of the intermittent renewable power source and the at least one respective other power source is substantially equal to the desired total local power output;

estimating a total local power production within a predetermined forecast period;

determining whether the estimated total local power production is sufficient for providing the desired total local power output within the predetermined forecast period; and

in response to a determination that the desired total local power output cannot be provided, reporting to the centralized grid control that the desired total local power output cannot be provided within the predetermined forecast period.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, in the estimation step, at least one forecasting variable is obtained, and wherein the total local power output is estimated at least partially based on the at least one forecasting variable selected from the group consisting of:

a weather forecast, a storm warning, wind speed, air density, irradiance, atmospheric turbulence, rain condition, snow condition, air temperature, humidity, and a dispatch schedule.

14. The method according, to claim 12, wherein the reporting step comprises providing to the centralized grid control an estimated total local power output schedule for the predetermined forecast period.