Interface for bridging out-of-band information from a downstream communication link to an upstream communication link

• US 9,021,174 B2
• Filed: 12/10/2012
• Issued: 04/28/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 12/15/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rambus Inc.
• Original Assignee: Rambus Inc.
• Inventors: Sobelman, Michael J.
• Primary Examiner(s): AUVE, GLENN ALLEN
• Application Number:
  US13/710,401
• Publication Number:
  US 20130198425A1
• Time in Patent Office: 869 Days
• Field of Search: 710/105, 710/305, 710/100, 710/313, 710/314, 714/48, 714/799, 370/467, 375219-220
• US Class Current: 710/305
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/4027 using bus bridges G06F13/4022 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/4282 on a serial bus, e.g. I2C bus, SPI bus on daisy chain buses G06F13/4247
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 13/4286 using a handshaking protocol, e.g. RS232C link
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/00 Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01L 2924/0002 Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0262 Arrangements for detecting the data rate of an incoming signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/4908 using mBnB codes

Abstract

A device includes a first interface to receive a signal from a first communication link, wherein the receive signal includes out-of-band (OOB) information. A detector coupled to the first interface detects the OOB information. An encoder coupled to the detector encodes the OOB information into one or more symbols (e.g., control characters). A second interface is coupled to the encoder and a second communication link (e.g., a serial transport path). The second interface transmits the symbols on the second communication link. The device also includes mechanisms for preventing false presence detection of terminating devices.

Claims

1. A device for use in a signaling system having a first serial link and a second serial link, the device comprising:

a first interface to receive first communication via the first serial link;

a second interface to transmit second communication via the second serial link dependent on the first communication; and

circuitry to detect a state change associated with the first serial link;

wherein, the device is to transmit an out-of-band (OOB) signal via the second serial link in response to detection of the state change.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein said device is an intermediate device, wherein said signaling system comprises a first device coupled to the intermediate device via the first serial link and a second device coupled to the intermediate device via the second serial link, wherein the circuitry to detect the state change is to detect loss-of-signal from the first device, and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted to the second device to convey the loss-of-signal from the first device.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein said device is an intermediate device, wherein said signaling system comprises a first device coupled to the intermediate device via the first serial link and a second device coupled to the intermediate device via the second serial link, wherein the circuitry to detect the state change is to detect disconnect of the first device, and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted to the second device to convey the disconnect of the first device.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein said device is an intermediate device, wherein said signaling system comprises a first device coupled to the intermediate device via the first serial link and a second device coupled to the intermediate device via the second serial link, wherein the circuitry to detect the state change is to sense line characteristics on the first serial link associated with presence of the first device, and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted to the second device to convey a state of the first device to the second device dependent on the sensed line characteristics.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein said device is embodied as a hub, wherein said signaling system comprises plural first devices coupled to the hub via respective instances of the first serial link and a second device coupled to the intermediate device via the second serial link, wherein the circuitry to detect a state change is to detect a state change associated with any one of the first devices, and wherein the device is to transmit an out-of-band (OOB) signal responsive to the state change associated with the any one of the first devices.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is to transmit the second communication in a manner compatible with one of a Serial ATA protocol and a PCI Express protocol and wherein the OOB signal comprises a signal that is one of an Electrical Idle signal, a Detect signal, a Beacon signal, a COMReset signal, a COMInit signal, a COMWake signal.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the first serial link and the second serial link is a differential link, wherein the first interface comprises a differential receiver to sample the first communication and wherein the second interface comprises a differential transmitter to transmit the second communication.

8. The device of claim 7, wherein each of the first serial link and the second serial link is a bidirectional differential link, wherein the differential receiver is a first differential receiver and the differential transmitter is a first differential transmitter, wherein the second interface further comprises a second differential receiver to receive third communication from the second serial link, and wherein the first interface further comprises a second differential transmitter to transmit fourth communication via the first serial link dependent on the third communication.

9. The device of claim 7, wherein said device is an intermediate device, wherein said signaling system comprises a first device coupled to the intermediate device via the first serial link and a second device coupled to the intermediate device via the second serial link, wherein the differential receiver is a first differential receiver and the differential transmitter is a first differential transmitter, wherein the second interface further comprises a second differential receiver to receive third communication from the second device, and wherein the first interface further comprises a second differential transmitter to transmit fourth communication to the first device dependent on the third communication.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein:

one of the first interface and the second interface comprises a clock data recovery (CDR) circuitry operatively coupled to a corresponding one of the first differential receiver and the second differential receiver to extract embedded clock information from a corresponding one of the first communication and the third communication, and the corresponding one of the first differential receiver and the second differential receiver is to perform sampling of the corresponding one of the first communication and the third communication in accordance with the embedded clock information;

the intermediate device further comprises decoding circuitry to decode data sampled by the corresponding one of the first differential receiver and the second differential receiver, and encoding circuitry to receive the data from the decoding circuitry and to encode the data to generate encoded data having at least a predefined minimum transition density; and

one of the first differential transmitter and the second differential transmitter is to transmit the encoded data as part of the corresponding one of the second communication and the fourth communication.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the first interface is at least a four wire interface and wherein the second interface is at least a four wire interface and wherein the intermediate device is to receive the first and third communications and to transmit the second and fourth communications, and each of the first, second, third and fourth communications are transmitted over respective unidirectional serial links.

12. The device of claim 1, wherein the circuitry to detect the state change associated with the first serial link is operable to utilize physical layer processing methods to detect the state change, and wherein the device is to transmit the 00B signal responsive to use of the physical layer processing methods to convey the detected state change via the second serial link.

13. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is to repeat data symbols received as part the first communication in the second communication.

14. An intermediate device for use in a signaling system having first differential serial links and a second differential serial link, the intermediate device comprising:

a plurality of first interfaces to each receive respective communication from a corresponding first device of a plurality of first devices coupled to the intermediate device, each via a corresponding first differential serial link;

a second interface to transmit second communication via the second differential serial link to a second device, the second communication dependent on the communication from the first devices; and

circuitry to detect from each one of the first differential serial links occurrence of a state change associated with the corresponding first device;

wherein, the intermediate device is to transmit an out-of-band (OOB) signal to the second device via the second differential serial link in response to detection of state change of any one of the first devices.

15. The intermediate device of claim 14, wherein the circuitry to detect state change is to detect a loss-of-signal condition in any one of the first differential serial links and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted to the second device to convey the loss-of-signal condition.

16. The intermediate device of claim 14, wherein the circuitry to detect state change is to detect device disconnect from any one of the first differential serial links associated with disconnect of the corresponding first device and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted to the second device to convey the device disconnect.

17. The intermediate device of claim 14, wherein the circuitry to detect state change is to sense line characteristics associated with presence of the corresponding first device from each one of the first differential serial links and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted to the second device to convey the presence to the second device.

18. The intermediate device of claim 14, embodied as a hub.

19. The intermediate device of claim 14, wherein the intermediate device is to transmit the second communication in a manner compatible with one of a Serial ATA protocol and a PCI Express protocol and wherein the OOB signal comprises a signal that is one of an Electrical Idle signal, a Detect signal, a Beacon signal, a COMReset signal, a COMInit signal, a COMWake signal.

20. The intermediate device of claim 14, wherein the second interface comprises at least a four wire interface and wherein the second interface is to transmit the second communication to the second device and to receive third communication from the second device via respective unidirectional differential serial links.

21. The intermediate device of claim 14, wherein the circuitry is operable to utilize physical layer processing methods to detect the state change and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted to the second device to convey a state changed detected using the physical layer processing methods.

22. The intermediate device of claim 14, wherein the intermediate device is to repeat data symbols received as part the first communication from each of the first devices in the second communication.

23. An intermediate device for use in a signaling system having first, second, third and fourth unidirectional differential serial links, the intermediate device comprising:

a first interface having a first receiver to receive first communication from a first device via the first differential serial link and having a second transmitter to transmit third communication to the first device via the third unidirectional differential serial link;

a second interface having a first transmitter to transmit second communication to a second device via the second unidirectional differential serial link, the second communication including repeated data symbols from the first communication, the second interface having a second receiver to receive fourth communication from the second device via the fourth unidirectional differential signaling link;

wherein the third communication includes repeated data symbols from the fourth communication;

circuitry to detect state change associated with the first unidirectional differential serial link;

wherein the device is to transmit an out-of-band (OOB) signal via the second unidirectional differential serial link in response to detection of the state change.

24. The intermediate device of claim 23, wherein the circuitry to detect state change is to detect at least one of presence of the first device, disconnect of the first device and loss of signal from the first device, and wherein the OOB signal is to be transmitted the second device to indicate the at least one to the second device.

25. The intermediate device of claim 23, wherein the intermediate device is to transmit the second communication in a manner compatible with one of a Serial ATA protocol and a PCI Express protocol and wherein the OOB signal comprises a signal that is one of an Electrical Idle signal, a Detect signal, a Beacon signal, a COMReset signal, a COMInit signal, a COMWake signal.