Crystal oscillator

• US 9,030,265 B2
• Filed: 08/13/2010
• Issued: 05/12/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 08/14/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
• Original Assignee: Realtek Semiconductor Corp.
• Inventors: Lee, Chao-Cheng
• Primary Examiner(s): Gannon, Levi
• Application Number:
  US12/856,148
• Publication Number:
  US 20110037525A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,733 Days
• Field of Search: 331/116.FE, 331/116.M, 331/116.R, 331/154, 331/158, 331/160
• US Class Current: 331/116.FE
• CPC Class Codes: G04F 5/06 using piezoelectric resonators
• CPC Class Codes: H03B 5/364 the amplifier comprising field effect transistors H03B5/366 takes precedence

Abstract

This invention discloses a crystal oscillator, in which by appropriately designing the gain of an amplifier to achieve high trans-conductance and low power consumption. This crystal oscillator includes a first pad, coupled to a first node of a crystal, for receiving a crystal oscillating signal outputted from the crystal; an amplifier, coupled to the first pad, for amplifying the crystal oscillating signal to generate an amplifying signal; an inverter, coupled to the amplifier, for inverting the amplifying signal; and a second pad, coupled to a second node of the crystal, for outputting an oscillating signal to the crystal.

Claims

1. A crystal oscillator that generates an output oscillating signal by a crystal, the crystal oscillator comprising:

a first pad and a second pad, coupled to two nodes of the crystal;

an amplifier, coupled to the first pad, for amplifying a crystal oscillating signal received from the first pad and generating an amplifying signal, wherein the amplifier comprises;

a first transistor, having a first gate for receiving the crystal oscillating signal, having a first source coupled to a first operating voltage;

a second transistor, having a second drain coupled to a first drain of the first transistor, having a second source coupled to a second operating voltage;

a third transistor, having a third gate coupled to a second gate of the second transistor, having a third source coupled to the second operating voltage; and

a fourth transistor, having a fourth drain coupled to a third drain of the third transistor, having a fourth source coupled to the first operating voltage, wherein the second and the third transistors form a current mirror circuit, wherein the first and the fourth transistors are implemented by NMOS transistors and the second and the third transistors are implemented by PMOS transistors; and

an inverter, coupled to the amplifier, for inverting the amplifying signal and generating the output oscillating signal,

wherein the amplifier has a first power consumption, the inverter has a second power consumption, and the first power consumption is smaller than the second power consumption.

2. The crystal oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the amplifier is a single-to-double-ended amplifier.

3. The crystal oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the second gate of the second transistor is used as a first output terminal of the amplifier, and outputs a first amplifying signal to the inverter;

and, a fourth gate of the fourth transistor is used as a second output terminal of the amplifier, and outputs a second amplifying signal to the inverter.

4. The crystal oscillator according to claim 3, wherein the inverter comprises:

a fifth transistor, having a fifth gate received the first amplifying signal, having a fifth source coupled to the second operating voltage, having a fifth drain to output the output oscillating signal; and

a sixth transistor, having a sixth gate received the second amplifying signal, having a sixth source coupled to the first operating voltage, having a sixth drain to output the output oscillating signal,

wherein the fifth transistor is implemented by PMOS transistor and the sixth transistor is implemented by NMOS transistor.

5. The crystal oscillator circuit according to claim 1, wherein the inverter comprises a feedback resistance coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal of the inverter.

6. The crystal oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the inverter has a gain, the gain is between 20 and 100.

7. The crystal oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the first power consumption is substantially equal to 1/10 of the second power consumption.

8. The crystal oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the first power consumption is substantially equal to 1/100 of the second power consumption.

9. A crystal oscillator that generates an output oscillating signal by a crystal, the crystal oscillator comprising:

a first pad and a second pad, coupled to two nodes of the crystal;

an amplifier, coupled to the first pad, for amplifying a crystal oscillating signal received form the first pad and generating an amplifying signal, wherein the amplifier comprises;

a first transistor, having a first gate for receiving the crystal oscillating signal, having a first source coupled to a first operating voltage;

a second transistor, having a second drain coupled to a first drain of the first transistor, having a second source coupled to a second operating voltage;

a third transistor, having a third gate coupled to a second gate of the second transistor, having a third source coupled to the second operating voltage; and

a fourth transistor, having a fourth drain coupled to a third drain of the third transistor, having a fourth source coupled to the first operating voltage, wherein the second and the third transistors form a current mirror circuit; and

an inverter, coupled to the amplifier, for inverting the amplifying signal and generating the output oscillating signal;

wherein the amplifier has a first power consumption, the inverter has a second power consumption, and the first power consumption is smaller than the second power consumption,

wherein the second gate of the second transistor is used as a first output terminal of the amplifier, and outputs a first amplifying signal to the inverter, and a fourth gate of the fourth transistor is used as a second output terminal of the amplifier, and outputs a second amplifying signal to the inverter.

10. The crystal oscillator according to claim 9, wherein the amplifier is a single-to-double-ended amplifier.

11. The crystal oscillator according to claim 9, wherein the inverter comprises:

a fifth transistor, having a fifth gate received the first amplifying signal, having a fifth source coupled to the second operating voltage, having a fifth drain to output the output oscillating signal; and

a sixth transistor, having a sixth gate received the second amplifying signal, having a sixth source coupled to the first operating voltage, having a sixth drain to output the output oscillating signal,

wherein the fifth transistor is implemented by PMOS transistor and the sixth transistor is implemented by NMOS transistor.

12. The crystal oscillator circuit according to claim 9, wherein the inverter comprises a feedback resistance coupled between an input terminal and an output terminal of the inverter.

13. The crystal oscillator according to claim 9, wherein the inverter has a gain, the gain is between 20 and 100.

14. The crystal oscillator according to claim 9, wherein the first power consumption is substantially equal to 1/10 of the second power consumption.

15. The crystal oscillator according to claim 9, wherein the first power consumption is substantially equal to 1/100 of the second power consumption.