Targeting an orthopaedic implant landmark

• US 9,031,637 B2
• Filed: 04/12/2010
• Issued: 05/12/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 04/27/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Smith & Nephew Incorporated (Smith & Nephew PLC)
• Original Assignee: Smith & Nephew Incorporated (Smith & Nephew PLC)
• Inventors: Ritchey, Nicholas S., Janna, Sied, Heotis, Charles C., Wilhelm, Hoa
• Primary Examiner(s): Truong, Kevin T
• Assistant Examiner(s): BRAY, STUART SAMUEL
• Application Number:
  US12/758,747
• Publication Number:
  US 20100274121A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,856 Days
• Field of Search: 606/62, 606/86.R, 606/96, 606/97, 606/98, 606/102, 128/899
• US Class Current: 600/424
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1707 using electromagnetic effects, e.g. with magnet and external sensors
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 17/1725 for applying transverse screws or pins through intramedullary nails or pins
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2051 Electromagnetic tracking systems
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2034/2072 Reference field transducer attached to an instrument or patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2090/0813 Accessories designed for easy sterilising, i.e. re-usable
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 34/20 Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/05 Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves impedance plethysmography A61B5/0295; measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/06 Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies for removing same A61B17/50 ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/062 using magnetic field
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1127 using markers

Abstract

A system for targeting landmarks on devices such as surgical implants is disclosed. The system can include a field generator for generating one or more magnetic fields, an orthopaedic implant located within the magnetic fields, the implant having at least one landmark, a removable probe with a first magnetic sensor, a landmark identifier and a processor. The landmark identifier can contain a second sensor, or, alternatively, the field generator. The processor can utilize sensor data and, if desirable, field generator and other information, to generate and display the position and orientation of the sensor(s) in preferably six degrees of freedom, and thereby, to generate and display the position and orientation of the landmark(s). The system allows for blind targeting of one or more landmarks. The landmark identifier, field generator and/or drill motor may be disposed in an autoclavable housing.

Claims

1. A system for targeting a landmark on an orthopaedic implant comprising:

an autoclavable device comprising;

an autoclavable housing,

a mounting structure disposed within the housing; and

a field generator mounted to the mounting structure for generating an electromagnetic field, wherein the autoclavable device is operable after autoclave sterilization of the autoclavable device;

a first electromagnetic sensor for disposition at a set distance from the landmark that generates sensor data in response to the generated electromagnetic field; and

an element removably coupleable to the housing, the element defining a longitudinal axis that represents one axis of the generated electromagnetic field, wherein the system is configured to use the one axis of the generated electromagnetic field to determine the position of the element relative to the landmark.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a first probe having a proximal portion and a distal portion, the first electromagnetic sensor being disposed on the distal portion of the probe.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a second electromagnetic sensor disposed on the proximal portion of the first probe.

4. The system of claim 2, further comprising a second probe having a proximal portion and a distal portion and a third electromagnetic sensor disposed on the distal end of the second probe, the second probe being longer than the first probe.

5. The system of claim 4, further comprising an adjustable stop connectable to the orthopedic implant, the adjustable stop comprising a slot through which the first probe or the second probe extends and comprising a clamping mechanism to hold the first probe or the second probe in a fixed position.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the first probe or the second probe comprises a plurality of spaced apart indicators such that the clamping mechanism can be selectively set to hold the first probe or the second probe in a fixed position at an indicator or between two indicators.

7. The system of claim 2, wherein the first or second probe is coiled prior to placement into the orthopedic implant.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a processor for comparing the sensor data from the first electromagnetic sensor and the element and using the set distance to calculate the position of the element relative to the landmark.

9. The system of claim 1, further comprising a handle removably coupled to the orthopedic implant.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein the autoclavable housing is disk-shaped.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the element comprises one of a drill guide, a drill sleeve, a drill, a drill nose, a drill barrel, a drill chuck, and a fixation element.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the orthopedic implant comprises one of an intramedullary nail, a bone plate, a hip prosthetic, a knee prosthetic, and a shoulder prosthetic.

13. The system of claim 1, wherein the first electromagnetic sensor comprises a proximal and a distal end, the distal end of the first electromagnetic sensor is connected to a proximal end of the orthopedic implant such that the first electromagnetic sensor is spaced apart a set distance from at least one landmark disposed in a proximal region of the orthopedic implant.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein at least the housing and the element are reusable.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the housing is made from one of ceramic, silicone, polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), polymethylpentene (PMP), PTFE resin, or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA or acrylic).

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the autoclavable device has a circular outer perimeter.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the field generator comprises a plurality of inductive coils arranged to produce magnetic fields that define a spatial magnetic reference frame such that, when an inductive sensor detects the magnetic fields, the location and orientation of the inductive sensor can be determined in the spatial magnetic reference frame for three translational axes and three angular orientations.

18. A system for targeting a landmark on an orthopaedic implant comprising:

an autoclavable device comprising;

an internal mounting structure formed of a first autoclavable material;

a plurality of electromagnetic field generating elements mounted to the internal mounting structure; and

a body formed of a second autoclavable material that is different from the first autoclavable material, the body covering the plurality of electromagnetic field generating elements;

wherein the autoclavable device is configured to be operable after being autoclaved multiple times;

a first electromagnetic sensor for disposition at a set distance from the landmark that generates sensor data in response to the generated electromagnetic field; and

an element removably coupleable to the housing, the element defining a longitudinal axis that represents one axis of the generated electromagnetic field, wherein the system is configured to use the one axis of the generated electromagnetic field to determine the position of the element relative to the landmark.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the autoclavable device further comprises a coupling member that passes through the internal body and is configured to engage one or more attachable components.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the coupling member defines a central aperture to admit an instrument.

21. The system of claim 19, wherein the coupling member is formed of polysulfone.

22. The system of claim 19, wherein the plurality of electromagnetic field generating elements comprise a plurality of induction coils, and wherein the body encapsulates the plurality of induction coils.

23. The system of claim 18, wherein the second autoclavable material comprises silicone.

24. The system of claim 18, wherein the autoclavable device further comprises a covering disposed at an outer edge of the housing body.

25. A system for targeting a landmark on an orthopaedic implant comprising:

a substantially disc-shaped autoclavable device comprising;

a housing comprising a mounting structure and a covering; and

a plurality of electromagnetic field generating elements mounted to the mounting structure;

wherein the covering comprises an autoclavable material that covers the plurality of electromagnetic field generating elements and the mounting structure, wherein the covering and the mounting structure are configured to permit the autoclavable device to be operable after being subjected to a plurality of autoclave cycles;

a first electromagnetic sensor for disposition at a set distance from the landmark that generates sensor data in response to the generated electromagnetic field; and

an element removably coupleable to the autoclavable device, the element defining a longitudinal axis that represents one axis of the generated electromagnetic field, wherein the system is configured to use the one axis of the generated electromagnetic field to determine the position of the element relative to the landmark.

26. The system of claim 25, wherein the plurality of electromagnetic field generating elements comprise a plurality of induction coils, and wherein the covering surrounds the plurality of induction coils and the mounting structure.

27. The system of claim 25, wherein the covering comprises silicone.

28. A system for targeting a landmark on an orthopaedic implant comprising:

an autoclavable device comprising an autoclavable housing and a field generator for generating an electromagnetic field, the field generator disposed within the autoclavable housing, the autoclavable housing protecting the autoclavable device such that the autoclavable device can be autoclaved while the field generator is disposed within the autoclavable housing without degradation of the operational performance of the autoclavable device;

a first electromagnetic sensor for disposition at a set distance from the landmark that generates sensor data in response to the generated electromagnetic field; and

an element removably coupleable to the housing, the element defining a longitudinal axis that represents one axis of the generated electromagnetic field, wherein the system is configured to use the one axis of the generated electromagnetic field to determine the position of the element relative to the landmark.