Controller for fuel cell operation

• US 9,034,531 B2
• Filed: 08/26/2009
• Issued: 05/19/2015
• Est. Priority Date: 01/29/2008
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ardica Technologies Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Ardica Technologies Incorporated
• Inventors: Fabian, Tibor, Fisher, Tobin J., Braithwaite, Daniel
• Primary Examiner(s): RHEE, JANE J
• Application Number:
  US12/583,925
• Publication Number:
  US 20100173214A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,092 Days
• Field of Search: 429/416, 429/417, 429/408, 429/428, 429/443
• US Class Current: 429/428
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 16/006 of fuel cells with rechargeable batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 2250/30 Fuel cells in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0273 with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04067 Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04089 of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04231 Purging of the reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0438 Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04402 of anode exhausts
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04544 Voltage
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04552 of the individual fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04574 Current
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04753 of fuel cell reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04761 of fuel cell exhausts
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04776 at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04895 Current
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04902 of the individual fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0491 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04925 Power, energy, capacity or load
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/04932 of the individual fuel cell
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0494 of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/0606 : with means for production of gaseous reactants
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/1097 : Fuel cells applied on a support, e.g. miniature fuel cells deposited on silica supports
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 8/2475 : Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 : Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 90/10 : Applications of fuel cells in buildings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 : Energy storage using batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/50 : Fuel cells

Abstract

The current invention is a fuel cell controller that includes a first control loop, where the first control loop is disposed to adjust a fuel cell current to regulate a hydrogen output pressure from the fuel cell to a pressure target valve, and further includes a second control loop disposed to adjust a hydrogen flow rate from a hydrogen generator to match a DC/DC power output to a power target value.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system, comprising:

a fuel cell comprising an inlet and an outlet;

an on-demand hydrogen generator fluidly connected to the fuel cell inlet that generates hydrogen and provides the hydrogen to said fuel cell, the hydrogen generator operable between a set of fuel flow rates from the hydrogen generator;

a passive valve fluidly connected to the outlet of said fuel cell, the valve having a cracking pressure;

a pressure monitor, fluidly connected to the outlet of the fuel cell, that monitors output pressure from said fuel cell;

an adjustable load electrically connected to the fuel cell, operable between a purge mode wherein a fuel cell current draw is decreased to increase the output pressure beyond the cracking pressure and a non-purge mode wherein the fuel cell current draw is increased to decrease the output pressure below the cracking pressure;

a pressure controller, receptively connected to the pressure monitor and operatively connected to the adjustable load, configured to control the adjustable load between the purge mode and the non-purge mode based on a control signal determined from a fuel cell output pressure readout from said pressure monitor and a target pressure value;

a current and voltage monitor that monitors the current and voltage of the power draw; and

a hydrogen flow controller receptively connected to the current and voltage monitor and operatively connected to the hydrogen generator, configured to control the hydrogen generator between the set of fuel flow rates based on a monitored current and voltage value from the current and voltage monitor and a target power output value.

2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said on demand hydrogen generator has a hydrogen flow rate setpoint input and a hydrogen gas output.

3. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said pressure monitor is disposed to convert a pressure in a hydrogen line into a readable pressure signal voltage.

4. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein the adjustable load comprises an adjustable DC/DC controller that controls the fuel cell current and a rechargeable electrical energy storage device that receives power from the adjustable DC/DC controller.

5. The fuel cell system of claim 4, wherein said rechargeable electrical energy storage device is selected from the group consisting of a capacitor, a battery and a combination thereof.

6. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said pressure controller comprises an input from a fuel cell output pressure, a target pressure set point input and a DC/DC current control signal output.

7. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein said hydrogen flow controller comprises a DC/DC output voltage input, a DC/DC output current input, a target power set point input and a hydrogen flow rate control output signal.

8. The fuel cell system of claim 4, wherein said DC/DC converter comprises a DC voltage input, a converter current control signal input, and a DC voltage output, wherein said DC/DC converter is disposed to adjust a DC/DC output voltage for a current into said DC/DC converter to equal a current set at a current control input value.

9. A control system for a fuel cell system that includes a fuel cell, the control system comprising:

a hydrogen generator that generates hydrogen and fluidly couples to a fuel cell inlet;

a passive valve fluidly connected to a fuel cell outlet, the passive valve having a cracking pressure;

a pressure controller operatively connected to an adjustable load and configured to control the adjustable load between a purge mode and a non-purge mode based on a control signal determined from a measured output pressure from the fuel cell and a target pressure;

the adjustable load electrically connected to the fuel cell and operable between the purge mode wherein a power draw on the fuel cell is decreased to increase the output pressure above the cracking pressure and the non-purge mode wherein the power draw on the fuel cell is increased to decrease the output pressure below the cracking pressure; and

a hydrogen flow controller operatively connected to the hydrogen generator that adjusts hydrogen generation based on a current and voltage of the power from the fuel cell.

10. The control system of claim 9, wherein the adjustable load adjusts a current draw from the fuel cell to adjust the power draw from the fuel cell.

11. The control system of claim 10, wherein the adjustable load comprises a DC/DC adjustable controller that provides power to a rechargeable electrical energy storage device.